Answer::Leader-Member exchange , Out group members
Explanation:Leader-Member exchange theory is a relationship based theory of leadership that exists between the leading managers and their n employees together with their interaction with each other leading to a productive workplace environment for both individuals.
The created relationship can either succeed when there is trust and mutual respect leading to effective employees or fail by producing undesired result in terms of a hostile relationship leading to low efficiency and productivity from employees
According to the leader member exchange theory, leaders tend to create different relationships with followers by forming two groups----- in group members and out group members
of which the outgroup members are given less responsibilities with less attention and work outside the leaders inner circle of communication and therefore are less likely to engage in organizational citizenship than other employees.
The to this question is A
The industry's progress was confronted with a tough attitude of trade unions which had taken strength after the war.
The strategy adopted was the struggle for wage increases and the conservation of a monopoly power, which in many cases affected the introduction of technical improvements.
At that time, international sectoral trade unions and multinational corporations negotiate international framework agreements that allowed for Labour advancement.
It should also be noted that from the creation of the International Workers Association (IWA), the First World Trade union centre of the working class, the right to strike is recognised as one of the fundamental rights of the individual.Since then, representatives of workers from different countries jointly deal with the social problems that concerned them.
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