All categories

3 years ago

After the civil war the supreme court tended to view economic regulation as something that

Business

1 answer:

sattari [20]3 years ago

4 0

Answer:

attacked or assaulted property rights.

Explanation:

After the civil war, the supreme court held the idea that any government regulation (especially economic regulation) denied private businesses of their property rights and liberties, which constituted a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed equal and legal rights to all US citizens (businesses were included as citizens) and guaranteed that no government (state or federal) shall deny any citizen of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

We have to remember that these were sensible times and the supreme court tried to protect the newly given rights specially to African Americans, but sometimes business people are very capable of using ideological trends in their favor.

You might be interested in

Suppose that in a certain community, 40% of the residents would answer "yes" to the question, "do you know the names of at least

juin [17]

Answer:

The proportion of people in your sample whose response is yes=40 people

Explanation:

Step 1: Determine the statistical proportion that will say yes

Proportion=40%=40/100=0.4

Step 2: Determine the proportion in the sample that will say yes

The proportion in the sample can be expressed as;

P=S×Z

where;

P=proportion in the sample

S=statistical proportion

Z=sample size

In our case;

P=unknown to be determined

S=40%=40/100=0.4

Z=100

replacing;

Proportion in the sample=0.4×100=40

The proportion of people in your sample whose response is yes=40 people

7 0

3 years ago

Explain the difference between primary and secondary authorities as sources of tax information. On which type of authority shoul

RSB [31]

Answer:

Primary sources represent the law itself as interpreted by the statutory, administrative and judicial entities of the government while secondary sources can be generally defined as interpretations of the law done by non-governmental entities.

The type of authority which professional tax research conclusions should be based on are the primary sources.

Explanation:

Primary sources of tax information are documents that are provided directly by an authority usually the government. Primary sources usually carry heavy weight especially when there is a conflict in the understanding of a federal tax law. These sources are often used by law practitioners as a basis in understanding cases of a similar nature. Some examples of primary sources of tax information include; internal revenue code, final and temporary regulations, non-codified federal tax statutes, and judicial decisions on tax matters. In general primary sources represent the law itself as interpreted by the statutory, administrative and judicial entities of the government. They can be used in a case where a tax payer in arguing his or her case about their tax position in a court of law.

Secondary sources of tax information are documents that are provided by information vendors who provide research services, legal analysis and tax professionals. These sources usually rely on the professionalism and experience of individuals who have gained a reputation on tax law for advice and direction. Some examples of secondary sources include; legal periodicals like academic journals, legal analysts, scholars and tax law reporters. Secondary sources can be generally defined as interpretations of the law done by non-governmental entities.

Professional research is usually done to enable one advance in his/her career in order to gain acceptance as an expert in that particular field. For one to join the ranks of a professional, they first need to prove their mastery of the knowledge in that particular profession. In our case, one needs to be aware of the law as provided by an authority. This means that one needs to argue his/her case in reference to the primary sources since these sources carry more weight in terms of understanding and experience as opposed to secondary sources that represent personal views that might be susceptible to bias. On this note, the type of authority which professional tax research conclusions should be based on are the primary sources.

5 0

3 years ago

Family Corporation, a corporation controlled by Buddy's family, redeems all of Buddy's stock. For the redemption to be treate

WINSTONCH [101]

Answer:

C. Buddy cannot be a creditor of the corporation after the redemption.

Explanation:

"A stock redemption that terminates a shareholder’s entire stock ownership in a corporation will qualify for sale or exchange treatment under § 302(b)(3). The attribution rules generally apply in determining whether the shareholder’s stock ownership has been completely terminated. However, the family attribution rules do not apply to a complete termination redemption if the following conditions are met:

The former shareholder has no interest, other than that of a creditor, in the corporation for at least 10 years after the redemption (including an interest as an officer, director, or employee).

The former shareholder files an agreement to notify the IRS of any prohibited interest acquired within the 10-year period and to retain all necessary records pertaining to the redemption during this time period."

Reference: South-Western, Thomson. “Chapter 5.” To Qualify for Sale or Exchange Treatment, a Stock Redemption Generally Must Result in a Substantial Reduction in a Shareholde, 2005,

7 0

4 years ago

Ryan wants to work in a factory as a machine operator. What is a basic requirement for this job?

natka813 [3]

knowing how to work with heavy machinery

7 0

3 years ago

1-a. Prepare a contribution format income statement for the game last year. 1-b. Compute the degree of operating leverage. 2. Ma

marishachu [46]

Answer:

1-a. Total Contribution margin is $210,000 and Net operating income is $28,000.

1-b. Degree of Operating Leverage = 7.50

2-a. The expected percentage increase in net operating income for next year is 150%.

2-b. Expected amount of Net Operating Income is $70,000.

Explanation:

Note: This question is not complete. The complete question is therefore provided before answering the question as follows:

Magic Realm, Inc., has developed a new fantasy board game. The company sold 15,000 games last year at a selling price of $20 per game. Fixed costs associated with the game total $182,000 per year, and variable costs are $6 per game. Production of the game is entrusted to a printing contractor. Variable costs consist mostly of payments to this contractor.

Required:

1-a. Prepare a contribution format income statement for the game last year.

1-b. Compute the degree of operating leverage.

2. Management is confident that the company can sell 18,000 games next year (an increase of 3,000 games, or 20%, over last year). Given this assumption:

a. What is the expected percentage increase in net operating income for next year?

b. What is the expected amount of net operating income for next year? (Do not prepare an income statement; use the degree of operating leverage to compute your answer.)

Explanation of the answer is now provided as follows:

1-a. Prepare a contribution format income statement for the game last year.

The contribution format income statement for the game last year can be prepared as follows:

Magic Realm, Inc.

Contribution Income Statement

For Last Year

Details Total ($) Per Unit ($)

Sales 300,000 20

Variable cost (90,000) (6)

Contribution margin 210,000 14

Fixed expense (182,000)

Net operating income  28,000 

1-b. Compute the degree of operating leverage.

Degree of Operating Leverage = Contribution Margin / Operating Income = $210,000 / $28,000 = 7.50

2-a. Management is confident that the company can sell 18,000 games next year (an increase of 3,000 games, or 20%, over last year). Given this assumption: What is the expected percentage increase in net operating income for next year?

Since:

Degree of Operating Leverage = Percentage change in Operating Income / Percentage change in Sales

Substituting the relevant values, we have:

7.50 = Percentage change in Operating Income / 20%

Percentage change in Operating Income = 7.5 * 20% = 150%

Therefore, the expected percentage increase in net operating income for next year is 150%.

2-b. Management is confident that the company can sell 18,000 games next year (an increase of 3,000 games, or 20%, over last year). Given this assumption: What is the expected amount of net operating income for next year? (Do not prepare an income statement; use the degree of operating leverage to compute your answer.)

This can be calculated as follows:

Change in Net Operating Income = 150% * $28,000 = $42,000

Expected amount of Net Operating Income = Current Net Operating Income + Change in Net Operating Income = $28,000 + $42,000 = $70,000

6 0

3 years ago