The "scissors" of the molecular biology are: DNA Restriction enzymes.
A restriction enzyme is a protein capable of cleaving a DNA fragment at a characteristic nucleotide sequence called a restriction site. Each restriction enzyme thus recognizes a specific site. Several hundred restriction enzymes are currently known.
Naturally present in a large number of species of bacteria, these enzymes have become important tools in genetic engineering.
The "glue" of the molecular biology are: DNA ligase
In molecular biology, DNA ligases are ligase-class enzymes that catalyze the formation of a phosphodiester bond between two segments of DNA. DNA ligases are involved in several essential cellular processes of DNA metabolism: in DNA replication, suture of Okazaki fragments, and in DNA repair and homologous recombination.
The use of these tools in molecular biology: Cloning
Molecular cloning is one of the bases of genetic engineering. It consists of inserting a DNA fragment (called insert) in an appropriate vector such as a plasmid for example. The new plasmid thus created will then be introduced into a host cell, generally the Escherichia coli bacterium. This will then be selected and multiplied to obtain a large amount of the plasmid of interest. Cloning a gene involves inserting it into a plasmid. A clone will be the bacterial transformant that contains this particular plasmid. In this case we speak of clone because all the individuals of the bacterial colony are genetically identical. Molecular cloning is thus different from reproductive cloning (creating an individual genetically identical to another but of a different age) or therapeutic cloning (making tissues from stem cells to perform transplants compatible with the recipient).
Molecular cloning requires restriction enzymes capable of cleaving the DNA, and DNA ligase capable of re-gluing the DNA fragments. Ligase was isolated for the first time from T4 bacteriophage. This enzyme is involved in the repair and replication of DNA. It can bind DNA fragments with compatible sticky ends. At higher concentration, this enzyme is also able to bind two ends of DNA as shown here. T4 DNA ligase works using ATP and Mg ++. It has an activity optimum of 16 ° C, but remains active at room temperature.
Answer:
A sexual reproduction is being shown
The two are potassium and rubidium. Why? Na is an alkali metal. As you go down the metals become more reactive.
Calcium has 20 protons. Why? The atomic # is 20 (the one at the top).
It has 20 neutrons. Why? The atomic mass (the number on the bottom) is ~40, ignoring electron mass. 40- 20 protons = 20 neutrons.
It has 20 electrons.
Why? The # of protons and electrons is the same. Ions aren't on the periodic table.
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Answer:
The correct answer will be- true, all the options are correct.
Explanation:
Cactus or the species of Opuntia genus are adapted to grow on the desert conditions or the area with no water or xerophytic conditions.
The leaves of the plants become modified to take the shape of the spines which provide many advantages like protection from herbivores and providing shape to the plant.
In the species of teddy bear cactus <em>(Opuntia bigelovii)</em>, the cactus serve a third purpose that is they help in the propagation of the species. The spines possess tiny barbs at the ends which help them attach to the animal or any object that walks by and the falls of somewhere else. The fall-off portion of the cactus grow roots and form a new cactus there.
Thus, true is the correct answer.
