Answer:
Reproductive isolation is the very factor that causes the development of what we call "species" according to the biological species concept. The reason cats and dogs are different species is that they can't mate, so we call them "reproductively isolated."
The mentioned case represents secondary succession.
Secondary succession is one of the two kinds of ecological succession of plant life. Secondary succession refers to a procedure initiated by an incident, like harvesting, forest fire, hurricane, and others, which minimizes an already settled ecosystem to a lesser population of species.
Thus, it can be said that the secondary succession takes place in preexisting soil on the other hand primary succession takes place in a place devoid of soil.
Secondary succession is the ecological succession, which takes place after the initial succession has been disrupted and certain plant and animal species do prevail. It is usually faster in comparison to primary succession.
A............... phosporous
C epidermis that is the answer
Much like a cell, a virus is able to grow in numbers. It however does not do so by binary fission as a cell does, but rather by a process called viral replication.
viral replication is a process that involves six steps and these are attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication , assembly and release.
Attachment - virus attaches to a host cell membrane or cell wall.
penetration - virus breaches the cell membrane and enters the cell.
Uncoating & replication, - viral DNA or RNA is realesed from virus and incorporated into the host cell own genetic material and induces it to produce multiple copies of the virus DNA or RNA and other protein parts of the protein
Assembly & release - the virus parts are put together to form whole viruses and these are released from host cell either by budding through or rupturing host cell membrane