The government.................
Assuming you're referring to the new United States government under the Articles of Confederation, the main problem they faced was that they had no power to tax the specific states--meaning that they had to way to pay back their war debt.
Answer:
My best guess is that this is related to the Scramble for Africa, where many countries rushed to claim as much territory in Africa as fast as possible.
Explanation:
This is because one, the placard mentions Central Africa, and two, it states that David Livingstone was a traveller.
Answer:
He attacked him.
Explanation:
He did it during the winter but it was not a good idea.