A is the right option! Because 0.40 should be in second equation with the x to represent the number of stamps multiply by 40 cents.
Let would be the annual interest rate such that,
I = P x r^t
For the 1st
160.67 = (2000) x r*8/12 ; r = 0.02277
The second case is just the same.
The input is the cost or the amount of money Mr. Edward has to pay in order to park. The output is the parking space allotted for every hour that the car is parked.
It could also be that the input is the effort Mr. Edward put in asking for the cost while the output is the information needed by Mr. Edward - the cost of parking per hour.
Let us set up the equation:
people
- 10000 is the initial population
- 2 is the rate at which the population grows
- 68/17 is the number of periods that the population grows
Hope that helps!