In 1798 the United States stood on the brink of war with France. The Federalists believed that Democratic-Republican criticism of Federalist policies was disloyal and feared that aliens living in the United States would sympathize with the French during a war. As a result, a Federalist-controlled Congress passed four laws, known collectively as the Alien and Sedition Acts. These laws raised the residency requirements for citizenship from 5 to 14 years, authorized the President to deport aliens, and permitted their arrest, imprisonment, and deportation during wartime. The Sedition Act made it a crime for American citizens to "print, utter, or publish . . . any false, scandalous, and malicious writing" about the Government.
The laws were directed against Democratic-Republicans, the party typically favored by new citizens, and the only journalists prosecuted under the Sedition Act were editors of Democratic-Republican newspapers. Sedition Act trials, along with the Senate’s use of its contempt powers to suppress dissent, set off a firestorm of criticism against the Federalists and contributed to their defeat in the election of 1800, after which the acts were repealed or allowed to expire. The controversies surrounding them, however, provided for some of the first testings of the limits of freedom of speech and press.
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Similarity--both the US and France went through periods of adjustment on their way to a permanent government.
Difference--the US was able to create a democratic government and make changes from the Articles of Confederation to the Constitution without a complete revolution and extreme violence. France on the other hand established a tyrannical government and then a dictatorship under the rule of Napoleon. It took more time and stages for France to find a democratic balance they were hoping for.
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)Immersive ReaderIt is the period of rebuilding, physically and politically, immediately after the Civil WarIt brought total equality to African AmericansIt
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The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution to give a clear and direct writing of what the rights of each individual citizen is. It was created to appease the Anti-federalists, who then were afraid that the elites (federalists) would use their powers to take away the rights of the common citizen slowly. These lay the foundation of the unalienable rights, and was slowly expanded on as the years went by.
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all the europeans from China
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