The main substance re-absorbed into the blood in the nephron are glucose, electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride) and water.
Almost all the glucose is reabsorbed at the proximal tubule of the nephron. Sodium, potassium and chloride are reabsorbed at the ascending loop of Henle, and water is reabsorbed at the descending loop of Henle.
Other nutrients that are reabsorbed are magnesium, phosphates, carboxylate, bicarbonate, amino acids, some urea, proteins and oligopeptides.
Reabsorption occurs in two steps namely active or passive extraction of sustances from the fluid in the tubules of the nephron, and into the interstitium , then transport of these substances from interstitium and into the bloodstream.
Answer:
By designing suitable gene therapies in order to restore target gene expression.
Explanation:
Cystic fibrosis and muscular dystrophy are inherited genetic disorders associated with serious health problems. Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the gene that encodes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, and it is a condition associated with abnormal production of sticky mucus that leads to problems in the lungs and the digestive systems. On the other hand, muscular dystrophy is produced by mutations in genes localized on the X chromosome such as, for example, the gene 'dystrophin'. Gene therapy is an experimental approach used to compensate abnormal gene function by introducing exogenous genetic material and thus restore their altered protein products. Consequently, personalized gene therapies can be useful to treat inherited disorders such as cystic fibrosis and muscular dystrophy.
The phospholipid no later regulates the amount of water that travels in and out of the cell.
Answer:
least, most
Explanation:
Antimicrobials are substances that function by limiting the activities of microorganisms either by killing them or by inhibiting their growths.
Antimicrobials that exhibit a wide range of cellular targets are least selective of the type of cells they kill or inhibit. They are also said to have a wide spectrum of activities.
On the other hand, antimicrobials that exhibit a narrow range of cellular targets are most selective of the type of cells they kill or inhibit. They are said to have a narrow spectrum of activities.
I guess the answer is B !! as it has no relevance and is not an observation !!
