From top to bottom, I believe the answers are:
Biologist
Chemist
Geologist
Hydrologist
The study of tree rings is called dendrochronology. Trees produce a single growth ring each year and by studying the size and composition of each ring scientists can get information about the age of the tree, available nutrients in the area, and general climatic conditions. A relatively small ring may indicate a year when there was very little rainfall and a larger ring indicates favourable conditions for plant growth.
Ice cores hold information on past global volcanic activity and past atmospheric conditions. Tiny bubbles in the ice cores give information on the concentration of gases in the atmosphere. Ice core data plays a key role in linking the increase in carbon dioxide concentrations to present day global warming.
Tectonic plates often shift position by the force of liquid rock emerging from blow the earth's surface and then cooling to form hard rock. This most often occurs On the ocean floor.
When tectonic plates move, They move along the ocean floor, which is the crust, and It cause earthquakes and volcanoes and also caused Pangaea to break apart and become what it is now, The seven continents.
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J-shape curve
J-shape curve is a curve that shows the population density of an organisms as they increase rapidly in a logarithmic or exponential form but abruptly stops due to environmental resistance. Thus, the population rate is largely determined by the biotic potentials and size of the population. However, exponential growth produces J-shaped curve.
Kepler would be the answer