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podryga [215]
3 years ago
11

Very aggressive pathogens such as the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis can easily overwhelm the protective features of the

respiratory system. Less aggressive pathogens may be stopped by all of the following EXCEPT __________.
Biology
2 answers:
Ymorist [56]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

the olfactory epithelium

Explanation:

There are several protective features of the respiratory system which is responsible for stopping the less aggressive pathogens. Some of these protective features are:

Hairs in nose which trap pathogens like bacteria, virus from entering the lungs. The respiratory tract has mucus which is responsible for trapping the microbes and mucus have IgA antibodies which helps in eliminating these microbes. Alveolar macrophages engulf the pathogen and digest them

Olfactory is not a protective feature of the respiratory system and is responsible and adapted to detect the odor and transfer this signal to the brain.

Neko [114]3 years ago
3 0

The question is incomplete as it does not have the options which are:

  1. the olfactory epithelium
  2. the mucus film lining much of the respiratory tract
  3. air filtration in the nasal cavity
  4. alveolar macrophage

Answer:

The olfactory epithelium

Explanation:

The tuberculosis is a disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The tuberculosis disease affects the respiratory system from the nasal cavity to the respiratory passage.

The bacterium before infecting the human body has to fight with the natural immune system. The immune response produces the mucus which contains the antibacterial substances, the air filtration hairs in the nose which does not allow the entry of the bacterium and the macrophage which could ingest the pathogens.

The olfactory epithelium which is involved in the sensing the olfactory or smell from the surrounding environment is not involved in protecting the pathogen from the environment.

Thus, the olfactory epithelium is correct.

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3 years ago
What type of membrane proteins are integral proteins that move ions or molecules across plasma membrane?
blsea [12.9K]

Answer:

Channel proteins and Carrier proteins

Explanation:

These are type of membrane proteins that transcend the entire length of  phosphoslipid  bi- layer  in the plasma membrane.They facilitate the movement of ions  and molecules across  the walls of the plasma membranes.

Generally, substances like glucose, amino acids, are too large to pass through the phopholipid bilayers. Likewise ions of  potassium, sodium calcium, because of their polarities can not pass through either. They are ferried across the phospholipid by  group of protein structures called channel proteins. Some are also transported across by carrier  proteins.  The process by which these protein structures  aided the  diffusion of substances across the phospholipid bilayer is called Facilitated diffusion.

Channel proteins are pores, that are filled with water molecules with the entrance  well gated.  That is the entrance  is controlled by part in the inner structure  of the protein  which can open or close the pores  like a gate to control the movement of ions across it. e.g Sodium channels are gated for  movement  of sodium ions by voltage or ligands(chemicals) during  nervous  transmission to elicits action potential. Like wise Potassium channels allow  diffusion of potassium ions across the phospholipid bilayers. it gates are shut when sodium channels are open; this  regulate ion exchange.

Their structures are well fixed in shape , specific  to the substance or ions being  transported;and the rate of diffusion  depends on  the like hood of opening of the gate or closure.

Carrier molecules  also in the membranes  do not have a fixed shape, and their transport  direction is determined by the direction of concentration gradients. Thus they can flip on either sides of the membranes to aid diffusion across. Their movement can  be both passive and active, and the rates  of diffusion depends on the number of available carrier proteins in the membrane. They are also specific to the ions they transport.And are not gated,

Therefore these two membrane integral  proteins  facilitate movements of substances across the phospholipild bilayers

8 0
3 years ago
A strand of DNA that is 36 nucleotides long codes for how many amino acids?
Margarita [4]

Answer:

See answer below

Explanation:

Hi there,

Assuming this DNA strand is fully capable of being mature mRNA (5' m7G cap and PolyA tail), nucleotides lead to an mRNA codon, which is 3 nucleotides per codon. In turn, 1 codon leads to 1 amino acid. However, as a single strand, it must be capable of terminating translation, which always requires a stop codon, and thus 3 nucleotides. Hence, we must subtract this from the total amount of codons <em>first</em>.

36 \ ncltd \ \frac{1 \ codon}{3 \ ncltd} = 12 \ codon\\12 \ codon - 1 \ codon \  = 11 \ codon\\11 \ codons\ \frac{1 A.A.}{1 \ codon}  = 11 \ A. A.

Hence, only 11 amino acids will be coded by a single DNA strand 36 ncltd long.

thanks,

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