<span>Most astronomers think that the Universe was formed during an event called the Big Bang - a giant explosion which occurred between 10 and 20 billion years ago. During the Big Bang, all of the space, time, matter, and energy in the Universe was created. This giant explosion hurled matter in all directions and caused space itself to expand. As the Universe cooled, the material in it combined to form galaxies, stars, and planets.</span>
Since the ball is fired horizontally, the initial y velocity is zero and the time to hit the ground is the same as if the ball was simply dropped from the cliff. So you can solve the y position function:

giving a height of 44.1m.
The given final velocity vector tells us that the initial x-directed velocity was about 17m/s.
Force = mass × acceleration = kg × m/s^2 = Newton