Smartphone applications can offer real-time, customized interventions for quitting smoking. The current study evaluates the efficacy of a smartphone-based smoking cessation application that gave messages customized to current smoking lapse risk and specific lapse triggers and assessed risk for impending smoking lapse numerous times per day.
- A safety-net hospital's smoking cessation program recruited participants (N=59) who underwent five phone-based ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) every day for three weeks in a row.
- A new weighted lapse risk estimator was used to evaluate the risk of smoking lapse in real-time.
- Participants in each EMA received messages that were customized to their level of risk for an impending smoking lapse as well as their self-reported presence of smoking urges, stress, access to cigarettes, and motivation to quit.
- Using generalized linear mixed model analysis, it was assessed if communications that were specifically targeted towards lapse risk variables resulted in bigger decreases in these triggers than messages that weren't.
<h3>What results can we observe?</h3>
- In general, communications that were specifically matched to smoking urge, cigarette availability, or stress resulted in higher decreases in those triggers than messages that were not (p's=0.02 to 0.001).
- When only instances of high stress were included in the analysis, the connection between messages adapted to stress and higher reductions in stress than messages not tailored to stress was non-significant (p=0.892).
<h3>What can be concluded?</h3>
- Mobile technology can be utilized to deliver personalized treatment information and do real-time smoking lapse risk assessments.
- Findings offer the first concrete proof that customized material may have an effect on users' stress levels, temptation to smoke, and access to cigarettes.
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Stress signals are the ways you express stress for example: ruminating thoughts, shaking of legs, pacing.
Stressors are things that stress you, for example relationship problems or exam.
while you have to answer this question for yourself, I can give you some examples:
shaking before an exam
ruminating thoughts before meeting parents
pacing before a flight
Said to be the same type of stimulus to the Texas Revolution that the Stamp Act was to the American Revolution, was initiated by Lucas Alamán y Escalada, Mexican minister of foreign relations, and was designed to stop the flood of immigration from the United States to Texas. The law came as a result of the warning and communications of Manuel de Mier y Terán, who made fourteen recommendations directed toward stimulating counter-colonization of Texas by Mexicans and Europeans, encouraging military occupation, and stimulating coastal trade.
The best description of the social classes in Saint Domingue was B-European settlers controlled wealth and politics.
<h3>What was Saint Domingue like?</h3>
- The French Europeans controlled the government of the island.
- The Mulattos were second class citizens but considered higher than the enslaved people.
The enslaved were more in number and when the Haitian Revolution broke out, it was due to their efforts and Mulatto leadership that it was successful.
In conclusion, option B is correct.
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