Answer:
CD40L
Explanation:
The CD40 ligand (CD40L) protein is a transmembrane glycoprotein which is expressed on activated T cells and belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. The hyper IgM syndrome is caused by mutations in the CD40L gene, where the defective protein can no longer bind CD40 on antigen-presenting cells. The X-linked Hyper IgM syndrome is characterized by abnormal levels of immunoglobulins, i.e., low levels of IgG and IgA, and increased/normal levels of IgM. Because CD40L gene is located on the X chromosome, this disorder is observed much more frequently in males than in females.
Physical change only change the appearances of a substance, not it’s chemical composition. Chemical changes cause an entirely new substance with new chemical formula.
Answer:
What can be noticed about the ligands and their receptor is that the configuration of both coincide, as a key would with its lock, which demonstrates the specificity of a receptor by its ligand.
Explanation:
A <u>ligand</u> corresponds to a molecule considered a signal or a messenger, while the <u>receptor</u> is a protein on the cell surface, with the capacity to accept a ligand.
Ligands and receptors constitute pairs that complement each other, so that <u>each receptor can bind to a specific ligand</u>, similar to what happens with a key and a lock.
Once the ligand-receptor complex is formed, changes occur inside the cell, which define a certain effect.
glycolysis takes place in cytoplasm and can occur without the presense of oxygen and is primary energy source of most organisms
