Symbiosis is a close relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits. For the other species, the relationship may be positive, negative, or neutral. There are three basic types of symbiosis: mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
Mutualism
Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit. An example of mutualism involves goby fish and shrimp
The answer would be Nucleic Acids
Circulatory system:
--The circulatory system is also known as the cardiovascular system.
-- It is composed of the heart, blood, blood vessels and also includes the lungs.
The primary function of the circulatory system to distribute oxygen, nutrients, hormones and other gases to cells of the other body systems. It delivers all the necessary components needed for all the cell activities. Without the circulatory system, we would not be alive.
It is our blood that carries these necessary nutrients, hormones, and oxygen. All these components trigger certain processes that keep other organs functioning. It also plays a role in eliminating waste by carrying them to the necessary organs that will filter them out. Without a way to dispose of waste, the body will eventually die.
Answer:
When the patch occupancy rate (c) equals the patch extinction rate (e), patch occupancy (P) is 0
Explanation:
According to Levin's model (1969):
<em>dP/dt = c - e</em>
where P represents the proportion of occupied patches.
<em>c</em><em> </em>and <em>e </em>are the local immigration and extinction probabilities per patch.
Thus, the rate of change of P, written as dP/dt, tells you whether P will increase, decrease or stay the same:
- if dP/dt >0, then P is increasing with time
- if dP/dt <0, then P is decreasing with time
- if dP/dt = 0, then P is remaining the same with time.
The rate dP/dt is calculated by the difference between colonization or occupancy rate (<em>c</em>) and extinction rate (<em>e</em>).
c is then calculated as the number of successful colonizations of unoccupied patches as a proportion of all available patches, while e is the proportion of patches becoming empty. Notice that P can range between 0 and 1.
As a result, if the patch occupancy rate (c) equals the patch extinction rate (e), then patch occupancy P equals to 0.
Answer:
China, Russia, Kazakhastan, Mexico, Nimibia, Greenland, South Africa, Canada, Australia
