The respiratory center rhythmically sends neural output to the diaphragm and ____________ muscles to regulate quiet breathing. T
he respiratory center is stimulated to alter breathing rate and depth by ____________ input from ____________ in the brain. Additional input comes from peripheral receptors, including ____________ within the carotid and aortic bodies, ____________ of the mucosal lining of the respiratory tract, ____________ of the lungs and visceral pleura, and ____________ of the joints. Breathing can be consciously controlled by the ____________ , which bypasses the respiratory center to directly stimulate lower motor neurons.
The respiratory center rhythmically sends neural output to the diaphragm and <u>external intercostal muscles</u> to regulate quiet breathing. The respiratory center is stimulated to alter breathing rate and depth by <u>sensory input</u> from central chemoreceptors in the brain. Additional input comes from peripheral receptors, including <u>chemoreceptors</u> within the carotid and aortic bodies, <u>irritant receptors</u> of the mucosal lining of the respiratory tract, <u>stretch receptors</u> of the lungs and visceral pleura, and <u>proprioceptors</u> of the joints. Breathing can be consciously controlled by the <u>cerebral cortex</u>, which bypasses the respiratory center to directly stimulate lower motor neurons.
The Bottleneck effect is when species go through an event that reduces its population. The ones that survive have reduced genetic diversity compared to the original population since fewer individuals means there are fewer genotypes.
Insulin reduces blood sugars when the levels are high in the blood. The hormone is produced by the pancreas and binds on receptors of cells. This initiates cell signaling mechanisms that signal the cell absorb sugars. When the blood sugars get back to normal, insulin production is reduced.
The increased activity prior to the saccade reflects a shift in attention to the stimulus inside that neuron's receptive field.
Explanation:
They observed that the neurological basis of attention, first made in the superior colliculus has been extended to a number of areas in both the dorsal and ventral streams.
