Answer:
B. They had no representation in Parliament.
Explanation:
After the French and Indian War, the British Crown increased taxes to pay the enormous debts it had incurred in to win the war with France. This caused much discontent among American colonists; one common complaint of this time was "taxation without representation." The colonists felt they were carrying a too heavy burden without having the right to choose their representatives in the British Parliament or sending envoys. This is a factor leading to the Revolutionary War.
Answer:
Cesare Beccaria (1738–1794) wrote On Crimes and Punishments (1764), which was influential against the idea that punishment serves retribution. He reasoned that the purpose of imprisonment was the protection of society and the reform of criminals. Beccaria’s book is believed to have been influential in the abolition of torture and maiming as routine criminal punishments by the mid-nineteenth century.
Explanation:
He is well remembered for his treatise On Crimes and Punishments (1764), which condemned torture and the death penalty, and was a founding work in the field of penology and the Classical School of criminology. Beccaria is considered the father of modern criminal law and the father of criminal justice.
Occupation: Jurist, philosopher, economist, politician, and lawyer.
Answer:
Anti-revolutionary uprisings, the presence of enemy aries on French soil, and economic problems led to a sense of national emergency. As a result, the Assembly then appointed the Committee of Public Safety led by Maximilien Robespierre. Thus the Reign of Terror began. The aim of the movement was to impose revolutionary principles by force, leading to the execution of more that 40,000 people. Also, the principle of conscription was introduced, and it proved successful against many enemies, and even helped them gain some land in the Austrian Netherlands. The Reign of Terror Ended when Robespierre was ousted and executed by the guillotine. I think the Reign of Terror went on for so long because it held promise in the eyes of the peasants and revolutionaries. Many hated royals were executed, as well as those who did not support the revolution. This just fueled the fire that drove the Committee, and they continued their ways until the leader was overthrown. It also lasted for so long because they were continuously growing in number, so anyone who stood against them would be outnumbered and executed as a result.
