Answer:
a. Viral infections may lead to inflammation between the ribs (i.e., costochondritis)
b. Viral infection
c. Viral infection may lead to the influx of chemical mediators (cytokines), increased blood flow, and movement of plasma and white blood cells (leukocytes) from the blood into the injured site
Explanation:
Costochondritis is a painful condition caused by the inflammation of the cartilage that joins the ribs to the breastbone (this joint is known as the “costochondral joint”). Costochondritis is caused by inflammation of the costochondral joint, which may be triggered by multiple causes including, among others, viral/bacterial/fungal infections, exercise or strenuous activity, chest trauma, osteoarthritis, presence of tumors, etc. Acute inflammation is the immediate immune response of the body to harmful stimuli (e.g., viral infections), which is characterized by the increased movement of white blood cells (such as neutrophils and macrophages) that rapidly travel from the blood into the injured area. This plasma contains chemical mediators like pro-inflammatory cytokines which are secreted from immune cells (e.g., Th1 cells, CD4+ cells, macrophages) in order to promote inflammation.
Your answer would be Why are Sea Lampreys a problem in the Great Lakes?
In the text, it explains the answer for this question. For the other three questions, it's asking for a factor of the paragraph rather than the whole thing. The whole paragraph explains the answers for all of the questions, so it's best to ask why are they causing problems.
Answer:
What is a theory?
When hypothesis has been tested and found to be repeatedly correct within the limits of available evidence, it becomes a theory. Usually, a theory incorporates a number of verified hypothesis.
If a theory has been extensively tested and proven to be true, it becomes a law or principle. A law or principle must also hold up to New discoveries, improved technology and continual experimentation.
And what are you made up of?
PeAcE.