Darwin observed a variety of tortoises on the Galapagos Islands. These observations provided evidence for which of these stateme
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The Venn diagram makes a comparison between categories. Intersection: Cell division/Asexual: diploid, somatic, mitosis, genetically identica/Sexual: haploid, gamete, meiosis, chromosomes separate , genetically different.
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A Venn Diagram is represented as two or more circles with some degree of superposition between them. It is used to make comparisons expressing similitudes and differences between things.
Each circle represents a category -in this example, sexual and asexual reproduction-.
The superposed area is named intersection and shows things in common between the two categories.
<em>We already know that </em><em>sexual reproduction</em><em> occurs by the process of </em><em>meiosis</em><em>, while </em><em>asexual reproduction</em><em> occurs by </em><em>mitosis</em><em>. </em>
In superior organisms, there are two types of cells: Somatic cells and germ cells.
The <u>somatic cells</u> are diploid (2n), meaning that each cell has a pair of equal chromosomes. The somatic cells are all the body cells except for the sexual ones, and they reproduce by the process of mitosis.
In somatic cells, one of the sets of chromosomes is inherited from the maternal side, while the other homologous set of chromosomes is inherited from the paternal side. Hence, the number of chromosomes in these double sets of the somatic cells is diploid, 2n.
Mitosis is a process through which, from a diploid somatic cell (2n), two identical daughter diploid cells (2n) are produced.
First, occurs duplication of the cell content, and then the separation into two new cells happens.
Germ cells suffer mitosis and meiosis.
Through meiosis, germ cells produce gametes, called<em> sperm and egg cells,</em> through the gametogenesis process.
Gametes are haploid (n) with half the number of chromosomes that might be found in the somatic cells.
During gamete formation, the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate after crossing over. Then, sister chromatids also separate. The result is the formation of four gametes.
Each gamete has different information from the combination of homologous chromosomes belonging to the father and to the mother.
Gametes' destiny is to merge in the process of fecundation, during which a new diploid cell called zygote emerges through fertilization.
The zygote is a complete cell that suffers successive mitosis to form the new organism.
<u>Venn Diagram</u>
- Intersection area: <em>Cell division</em>
- Asexual: <em>diploid, somatic, mitosis, genetically identical</em>
- Sexual: <em>haploid, gamete, meiosis, chromosomes separate , genetically different.</em>
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