The first major was the Battle of Bull Run taking place in Richmond, Virginia.
The correct answer is B, as the winner of that election was the United States first African American president, Barack Obama.
The Vietnam era policies of Dwight Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy differed substantially because they occurred at decidedly different moments in the evolution of the conflict. Eisenhower, who was President of the United States in the 1950's, inherited the conflict after the defeat of the French in what was called Indochina in 1954. Eisenhower provided military aid to the French but avoided military involvement. An international conference was convened in Geneva. A cease-fire agreement and partition of the country into Northern and Southern Vietnam was achieved. This was a temporary arrangement and a vote was scheduled for reunification. Convinced that the reunification of the country could lead to Communist control throughout, the U.S. backed leader resisted holding elections for this purpose. The U.S. in turn gave more than 1 billion in aid between 1955 and 1961. This aid failed to stabilize South Vietnam. Utilized the domino theory, the Cold War ideology that if one country fell to Communism then others would follow, President Kennedy tripled U.S. support. He also tripled the number of military advisers and the number swelled to sixteen thousand. Protests expanded against the South Vietnamese government led by Buddhist priests and students. The policies of Eisenhower and Kennedy laid the groundwork for the subsequent escalation of the Vietnam War under Lyndon Baines Johnson.
<span>European colonisation of Southeast Asia began as Western influence started to enter the area around the 16th century, when the Dutch and Portuguese were attracted by the lucrative spice trade. The Portuguese arrived in Malacca, Maluku and Timor, and the Spanish established themselves beginning from their conquest of Manila which expand into a larger territory of Spanish East Indies. Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, the Dutch arrived in Batavia and established the Dutch East Indies, and the British established themselves in the Strait Settlements and further to British Malaya and Borneo as well in Burma. In the 19th century, the French joined their European counterparts in establishing French Indochina. By the turn of the century, all Southeast Asian nations were colonised except for Thailand.
European colonisation can be split into two distinct phases: the early phase before the Industrial Revolution, and the phase marked by the Industrial Revolution. The primary motivation for the first phase was the accumulation of wealth, but in the second phase, there was a change in the role of the Europeans in Southeast Asia, and capitalistic concerns were no longer the only source of motivation.</span>