The gel should be placed in the correct direction so that the DNA bands can move.
- DNA is negatively charged due to the presence of phosphate groups, so it can only move towards the positively charged anode, otherwise, it will not move.
- So, when gel electrophoresis is done the side of the gel where the wells have been created and DNA samples have been loaded is placed at the side of the cathode, whereas the other side is connected to the anode.
- When the current flows, the DNA fragments also move from negatively charged cathode to positively charged anode as per their mass and size.
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To calculate the frequency of the heterozygote genotype (Pq) for this gene we must use the Hardy-Weinberg equation ( p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 ). This equation relies on the Hardy-Weinberg principle, a model in population genetics that states that the frequency of the alleles in a population is never changing, only the combinations (the genotypes) are changing.
If there are only two alleles (variations) of this gene in a population, then their frequencies should add up to 1 (100%). From this, we can calculate the frequency of the q allele.
p +q=1
0,3 +q=1
q= 1-0,3
q= 0,7
Now hat we have the frequency of the q allele we can use the HW equation to calculate the frequency of the heterozygotes.
0,09 + 2pq +0.49= 1
2pq +0,58= 1
2pq= 1-0.58
2pq=0,42
The freqency of the heterozygotes in this population is 0.42
The allele which has light color appears to be altering transcription and that is why the corresponding mRNA is absent in zebrafish which is homozygous. The protein we can say were absent because mRNA which is being required for protein synthesis it was not present.
If the allele had altered translation, mRNA which is functional would have been present but in the same case, the protein will still be absent.
