In the persuasion elaboration likelihood model, the central route is more persuasive when people have the ability and the motivation to pay attention. Persuasion is formed through two routes:
The peripheral route is used when people's motivation is low and there is no ability to process the message. The central route is used when there is high motivation and message processing capacity.
Therefore, the attitudes formed in the central route are more consistent, and resistant to contrary arguments, and more likely to determine people's behaviors and attitudes, generating changes in attitudes and durability.
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The concept that Marsiglia and Kulis are referring to from the statement mentioned in the question is a term called intersectionality.
Intersectionality is a concept that is generally defined as <em>a framework that acknowledges how an individual is impacted by various systems of power – and his or her position in each system, when combined would create a different experience in how an individual would be treated by the society at large. </em>
For example, an individual who identifies as Black, is female, has an upper middle class income, is heterosexual would navigate life differently from someone who is White, male, has a lower class income, and is homosexual.
The crusades helped to increase trade between the Europeans and the Middle East.
