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Rina8888 [55]
3 years ago
11

Batteries, Offshore Wind Lead Clean Energy Cost Cuts As Renewables by Mike Scott Batteries, Offshore Wind Lead Clean Energy Cost

Cuts As Renewables Continue To Undercut Coal And Gas Batteries can store energy from solar or wind farms for use when the wind is not blowing or the sun is not shining. The transition to a low-carbon energy system is a few steps closer after two technologies that were immature and hugely expensive only a few years ago saw spectacular gains in cost-competitiveness in the last year. New research from Bloomberg NEF (BNEF) shows that the cost of lithium-ion batteries has fallen by 35% over the past year to $187/MWh, while the cost of offshore wind is almost a quarter (24%) lower than this time 12 months ago.
Meanwhile, the costs of installing the more established technologies of onshore wind and photovoltaic (PV) solar also continued to fall. The levelized cost of energy for onshore wind projects starting construction at the start of this year was $50/MWh, 10% lower than a year ago, while solar projects are 18% cheaper at 57/MWh.
Elena Giannakopoulou, head of energy economics at BNEF, commented: "Looking back over this decade, there have been staggering improvements in the cost-competitiveness of these low-carbon options, thanks to technology innovation, economies of scale, stiff price competition and manufacturing experience.
"Our analysis shows that the LCOE per megawatt-hour for onshore wind, solar PV and offshore wind have fallen by 49%, 84% and 56% respectively since jobs that coal-and gas-fired power stations and nuclear, currently do.
Battery energy storage co-located with solar and wind farms are starting to be competitive with coal and gas power, even without subsidies, in providing "dispatchable power" that can be delivered when it is needed, rather than only at the time it is being generated when the wind is blowing or the sun is shining. Battery storage can provide back-up power for renewable projects for anything from one to four hours at a time, BNEF says. Tifenn Brandily, energy economics analyst at BNEF, said: "Solar PV and onshore wind have won the race to be the cheapest sources of new 'bulk generation' in most countries, but the encroachment of clean technologies is now going well beyond that, threatening the balancing role that gas-fired plant operators, in particular, have been hoping to play." The advance of offshore wind is also hugely significant, because the technology has long been seen as an expensive generation option in the near term compared to onshore wind or solar PV, although it was hoped that in time the possibility of using bigger turbines and floating platforms, coupled with the stronger and steadier winds at sea would lead to sharp cost reductions. But those costs have come down much more quickly than forecast thanks to technological advances, larger turbines and auction programs for new capacity - offshore wind is now below $100/MWh globally, with some European projects coming in well below that, compared to more than $220 just five years ago. Siemens Gamesa has just announced its 10MW turbines will be used in the world's first subsidy-free offshore wind project, Vattenfall's Hollandse Kust Zuid 1 & 2 scheme. "The low prices promised by offshore wind tenders throughout Europe are now materializing, with several high-profile projects reaching financial close in recent months. Its cost decline in the last six months is the sharpest we have seen for any technology,"Giannakopoulou said.
What type of cost are batteries for the renewable-energy industry?
A. explicit cost.
B. variable cost.
C. implicit cost.
D. fixed cost.
E. marginal cost.
Business
1 answer:
Inessa [10]3 years ago
6 0

Answer: A. Explicit cost.

D. Fixed cost

Explanation:

The type of cost which batteries are for the renewable-energy industry is explicit cost and fixed cost. Explicit costs refers to the business costs which appear in the general ledger. It should be noted that they've direct impact on the company's profit. Examples include utilities, raw materials, salaries, lease payments, etc.

When running a business, explicit cost is the direct payment that's made to others, such as rent, wage and materials. Batteries are an explicit cost as they're incurrIn the industry of renewable energy, batteries are used to save the energy produced and thus the cost of batteries are incurred in the daily production. Hence, it is an explicit cost since it's incurred for daily production.

Fixed costs are those costs that doesn't vary with the production level. Since the energy produced has to be stored in batteries, then it is a fixed cost as it doesn't vary with the production level.

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Neptune Inc. uses a standard cost system and has the following information for the most recent month, April: Actual direct labor
Naddik [55]

Answer:

$3,200 overapplied

Explanation:

The computation of the total underapplied or overapplied factory overhead is shown below:

Given that

Actual total factory overhead costs incurred is $45,400

Now Overhead applied to production

= (Total factory overhead application rate per standard DLH × Standard direct labor hours allowed)

= $2.70 × 18,000

= $48,600

As we can see that the overhead applied amount is more than the actual amount so the overhead cost would be overapplied i.e.  

 = $48,600 - $45,400

= $3,200 overapplied

8 0
3 years ago
Home depot, a large home improvement retailer, used research to learn that 25 percent of the time when customers bought a drill,
bagirrra123 [75]
This technique is called data mining.
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4 years ago
Tax laws permit installment sales, which are recognized in the year of sale for financial reporting purposes, to be reported in
Lera25 [3.4K]

Answer:

lower; higher.

Explanation:

Taxation can be defined as the involuntary or compulsory fees levied on individuals or business entities by the government to generate revenues used for funding public institutions and activities.

The different types of tax include the following;

1. Income tax: a tax on the money made by workers in the state. This type of tax is paid by employees with respect to the amount of money they receive as their wages or salary.

2. Property tax: a tax based on the value of a person's home or business. It is mainly taxed on physical assets or properties such as land, building, cars, business, etc.

3. Sales tax: a tax that is a percent of the price of goods sold in retail stores. It is being paid by the consumers (buyers) of finished goods and services and then, transfered to the appropriate authorities by the seller.

Generally, installment sales are permitted or allowed by the tax laws in a country. Typically, they are recognized in the year of sale for the purpose of financial reporting. Also, installment sales for any goods or services are to be reported in the tax return, at a later time when cash is received from the customer (buyer).

This results in a deferred tax liability because taxable income is lower than financial income in the year of sale, and higher than financial income in later years when collected.

7 0
3 years ago
The stated purposed of NAFTA is to A. gain membership in the WTO. B. reduce the outsourcing of jobs to foreign countries. C. pha
jekas [21]

Answer:

C. phase out all trade and tariff barriers among​ Canada, Mexico, and the U.S

Explanation:

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

This agreement creates a bloc of trade for the region, Canada, Mexico and the US.

As state on "C" It result in the elimination or reduction of barriers to trade and investment between the countries.

It will be replaced in the following year by the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA)

But NAFTA will keep working until this new agreement is finished.

4 0
3 years ago
Click to review the online content. Then answer the question(s) below, using complete sentences. Scroll down to view additional
Juli2301 [7.4K]

Answer:

Healthcare practitioners & supporters and Management have highest percentage increase anticipated.

Explanation:

The Healthcare practitioners have most demand in the market is because of the fact that developing countries have higher demand for these jobs and thus they show highest growth.

On the other hand, management is the backbone of the company. We can not imagine a company without management. Hence their is an increased demand in management operations. If the GDP of the country is growing then it means the business is growing and their is increased demand for the management jobs.

The automation will affect most of the difficult jobs and would increase efficiency in the coming future. The occupations that would be affected will be aggriculture production operations.

7 0
3 years ago
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