Step-by-step explanation:
1.) Plug in one of the points.
y = 8x + b
6 = 8(4) + b
2.) Solve for b (or [?])

32 cancels out on the right side.
Subtract 32 from 6, which is -26
3.) -26 = b
4.) Check with other point:
-2 = 8(3) + b
-2 = 24 + b
Cancel out 24 on the right side: 24-24 = 0
-2 - 24 = -26
-26 = b
As the word suggests, a quarter-sphere is a quarter of a sphere, and thus the volume of a quarter-sphere is a quarter of the volume of the sphere.
The volume of a sphere is computed as

So, the volume of a quarter-sphere is

I believe it's not a function because the input (x) 4 has two outputs(y), 2 and 8.
I can solve with 2 methods:
I. Because the discount is 15 % of 18 $ , the price will be (100-15=85) 85 % of 18 $
18*85/100= 15,3 $ ( the sale price)
II. The discount is 15 % of 18$
15*18/100= 2,7$ ( the discount)
then I decrease it from the regularly price
18$-2,7$=15,3 $ (the sale price)
Personally I believe the first is an easier method.
I hope you understand and you can apply this in every similary problem.