The answer is A. gerund phrase
Answer: The vocabulary is more difficult to understand.
Explanation: Because the literature of the old English is more complicated. It is almost never to the point. The metaphors are harder to understand because of the culture this changes when the times become closer to the English now.
A connotative meaning is the literal meaning of a word, while a denotative meaning is the figurative meaning of a word. A connotative meaning is based on the emotions associated with a word, while a denotative meaning is based on a. specific dictionary meaning.
I don't understand the context of the story, can you provide an explanation?