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Kazeer [188]
3 years ago
5

Question 15 (1 point)

Chemistry
1 answer:
Digiron [165]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Atoms are electrically neutral because the number of protons, which carry a 1+ charge, in the nucleus of an atom is equal to the number of electrons, which carry a 1- charge, in the atom. The result is that the total positive charge of the protons cancels out the total negative charge of the electrons so that the net charge of the atom is zero. Most atoms, however, can either gain or lose electrons; when they do so, the number of electrons becomes different from the number of protons in the nucleus. The resulting charged species is called an ion.

Cations and anions

When a neutral atom loses one or more electrons, the total number of electrons decreases while the number of protons in the nucleus remains the same. The result is that the atom becomes a cation—an ion with a net positive charge.

The opposite process can also occur. When a neutral atom gains one or more electrons, the number of electrons increases while the number of protons in the nucleus remains the same. The result is that the atom becomes an anion—an ion with a net negative charge. We can illustrate this by examining some very simple cations and anions, those formed when a single hydrogen atom loses or gains an electron.

Note: Hydrogen is actually somewhat unusual in that it readily forms both cations and anions. Most elements much prefer to form only one or the other. In terms of its electron configuration, can you explain why hydrogen can form both cations and anions? Feel free to post in the comments at the end of the article!

A hydrogen cation, a hydrogen atom, and a hydrogen anion.

A hydrogen cation, a hydrogen atom, and a hydrogen anion.

Classification cation neutral atom anion

No. of protons 111 111 111

No. of electrons 000 111 222

Net charge 111++plus 000 111-−minus

If a neutral hydrogen atom ( \text{H}Hstart text, H, end text, center) loses an electron, it becomes a hydrogen cation ( \text{H}^+H  

+

start text, H, end text, start superscript, plus, end superscript, left). Conversely, if the neutral \text{H}Hstart text, H, end text atom gains an electron, it becomes a hydrogen anion ( \text{H}^-H  

−

start text, H, end text, start superscript, minus, end superscript, right), also known as a hydride ion. Image credit: adapted from Boundless Learning, CC BY-SA 4.0.

In the center column, we have a diagram of a single, neutral hydrogen atom. It contains one proton and one electron; thus, its net charge is zero. If hydrogen loses its electron, it forms the cation \text{H}^+H  

+

start text, H, end text, start superscript, plus, end superscript (left column). The \text{H}^+H  

+

start text, H, end text, start superscript, plus, end superscript cation has a net charge of 1+ from the one proton in the nucleus since there are no electrons to cancel out the positive charge. If neutral hydrogen gains an electron, it forms the anion \text{H}^-H  

−

start text, H, end text, start superscript, minus, end superscript (right column). The \text{H}^-H  

−

start text, H, end text, start superscript, minus, end superscript anion has a net charge of 1- because it has one extra electron compared to the total number of protons.

Explanation: Hopes this gives a better explanation on them!

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In substitution reactions, (CH3)3C-I reacts at the same rate with Br- and Cl- even though Br- is a more reactive nucleophile tha
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Answer:

A. (CH3)3C-I reacts by SN1 mechanism whose rate is independent of nucleophile reactivity.

Explanation:

We must recall that (CH3)3C-I is a tertiary alkyl halide. Tertiary alkyl halides preferentially undergo substitution reaction via SN1 mechanism.

In SN1 mechanism, the rate of reaction depends solely on the concentration of the alkyl halide (unimolecular mechanism) and is independent of the concentration of the nucleophile. As a result of this, both Br^- and Cl^- react at the same rate.

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How many grams of chlorine gas are present in a 150. liter cylinder of chlorine held at a pressure of 1.00 atm and 0. °C? Group
OlgaM077 [116]

Answer:

474 grams of chlorine gas are present in a 150 liter cylinder of chlorine held at a pressure of 1.00 atm and 0 °C

Explanation:

An ideal gas is a theoretical gas that is considered to be composed of randomly moving point particles that do not interact with each other. Gases in general are ideal when they are at high temperatures and low pressures.

The pressure, P, the temperature, T, and the volume, V, of an ideal gas, are related by a simple formula called the ideal gas law:  

P*V = n*R*T

where P is the gas pressure, V is the volume that occupies, T is its temperature, R is the ideal gas constant, and n is the number of moles of the gas.

In this case:

  • P= 1.00 atm
  • V= 150 L
  • n= ?
  • R= 0.082 \frac{atm*L}{mol*K}
  • T= 0 C= 273 K

Replacing:

1.00 atm* 150 L= n*0.08206 \frac{atm*L}{mol*K} *273 K

Solving:

n=\frac{1.00 atm* 150 L}{0.08206 \frac{atm*L}{mol*K}*273 K}

n= 6.69 moles

Being Cl= 35.45 g/mole, the molar mass of chlorine gas is:

Cl₂=2*35.45 g/mole= 70.9 g/mole

So if 1 mole has 70.9 grams, 6.69 moles of the gas, how much mass does it have?

mass=\frac{6.69 moles*70.9 grams}{1 mole}

mass= 474.321 grams ≅ 474 grams

<u><em>474 grams of chlorine gas are present in a 150 liter cylinder of chlorine held at a pressure of 1.00 atm and 0 °C</em></u>

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What is the (OH-) in a solution with a pOH of 6.48
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Through manipulation of equations, we are able to obtain the equation:

-pOH= log [ OH^{-}]

Then we can transform the equation into:

[ OH^{-}]= 10^{-pOH}

Then we are able to plug in the pOH and directly get [OH-]:

[ OH^{-}] = 10^{-6.48}

[ OH^{-}]=3.31* 10^{-7} M
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Answer: Transition from X to Y will have greater energy difference.

Explanation: For studying the energy difference, we require Planck's equation.

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c = Speed of light

E = Energy

\lambda = Wavelength of particle

From the equation, it is visible that the energy and wavelength follow inverse relation which means that with low wavelength value, energy will be the highest and vice-versa.

As electron A falls from X-energy level to Y-energy level, it releases blue light which has low wavelength value (around 470 nm) which means that it has high energy.

Similarly, Electron B releases red light when it falls from Y-energy level to Z-energy level, which has high wavelength value (around 700 nm), giving it a low energy value.

Energy Difference between X-energy level and Y-energy level will be more.


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