The Middle Ages was the period between the 5th and the 15th century in European history. It begins with the <em>fall of the Western Roman Empire</em> and ends with either the <em>Renaissance</em> or the <em>Age of Discovery</em>.
- What were the main components that made up the culture of the Middle Ages?
There are several ways to analyze the culture of the Middle Ages. In terms of architecture, the Middle Ages saw the birth of <em>Romanesque</em> and <em>Gothic</em> architecture, mainly developed in churches and castles. Metalwork, manuscript illustration and wall-paintings were other common forms of art. <em>Christianity</em> became relevant in all aspects of life and eventually motivated the <em>Crusades</em> (wars of reconquest). After the <em>Black Death</em> arose in 1347, about 35 million people died in the next three years. However, the plague returned several times throughout the 14th century.
- What happened in the Middle Ages, intellectually, between the 11th and 14th centuries?
The main debate in intellectual life during the Middle Ages was whether <em>reason</em> could be applied to <em>faith</em>. This led to a reexploration of Platonic ideals and advances in philosophy and theology. Law was also developed through an advance of<em> Roman law</em> into areas previously dominated by <em>customary law</em>. Vernacular literature increased, even though education remained mostly a privilege of the future clergy.
<em>Scholasticism</em> is primarily a method of learning that places emphasis on <em>dialectical reasoning</em> (deciding between opposites or contradictions through logic). This method of critical thought dominated medieval universities and arose as a need to reconcile the different traditions of knowledge that existed in medieval times.
- What does the statement “pygmies standing on the shoulders of giants” mean when applied to the intellectuals of the Middle Ages and Scholasticism?
The phrase “standing on the shoulders of giants” refers to people who make some advancement in knowledge thanks to the work of previous scholars. In this case, the addition of the word “pygmy,” which refers to very small humans, implied that Medieval advancements were very limited when compared to the advancements of the <em>Classical period</em>.
The ability to think, water and land, fire, sun and air, people and animals
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you can use history.com or britannica.com i use those websites when doing social studies as well. or you can use lumenlearning.com
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Marco Polo was a Venetian merchant who travelled the Far East reaching the empires of China and Mongolia. Along with his family, interacted with the emperors of both countries and was believed that he was once a special guest of a Chinese emperor during his travels. His voyage made the Europeans know more about the lands at the Far East of the globe and became vital for trade and industry.
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The word “genocide” was first coined by Polish lawyer Raphäel Lemkin in 1944 in his book Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. It consists of the Greek prefix genos, meaning race or tribe, and the Latin suffix cide, meaning killing. Lemkin developed the term partly in response to the Nazi policies of systematic murder of Jewish people during the Holocaust, but also in response to previous instances in history of targeted actions aimed at the destruction of particular groups of people. Later on, Raphäel Lemkin led the campaign to have genocide recognised and codified as an international crime.
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