Hi. You did not enter the text to which this question refers, which makes it impossible for your question to be answered. However, I will try to help you as best I can.
A textual evidence is a justification that the author uses to prove an argument presented in the text. This evidence seeks to present elements that prove that the author's argument about something must be considered correct and true. In this case, to answer your question, you should read the entire text and identify the sentences the author uses to prove that the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were crucial decades in the development of Western thought. In this case, the author can present the scientific discoveries made during this period that were essential to explain and solve several problems that humanity did not know how to solve.
A third party is a part that doesn’t fit the criteria of belonging to the two dominant parties of the US. In simple terms, it is any party that isn’t the two dominant parties (republican and democratic).
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The islamic religion (muslims) have the belief that one must make a journey to Mecca at least once in a lifetime.
Muslims also strive to pray 5 times a day beginning at sunrise and ending before bed.
A slave was not a citizen but rather the property of an owner
By invoking the act, the United States could abstain from participating directly in a foreign conflict.