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3 years ago

Where does the energy & phosphates come from to create ATP?

Biology

2 answers:

Gala2k [10]3 years ago

4 0

Answer:

Most of the ATP in cells is produced by the enzyme ATP synthase, which converts ADP and phosphate to ATP. ATP synthase is located in the membrane of cellular structures called mitochondria; in plant cells, the enzyme also is found in chloroplasts.

Explanation:

shepuryov [24]3 years ago

3 0

Answer:

When the cell has extra energy it stores that enrgy

by reattcaching a free phosphate molecule to ADP, turning it back into ATP. The ATP molecule is just lile a rechargable battery.

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The tissue that makes it possible for bones to move is

Alchen [17]

Fibrous Connective Tissue

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4 years ago

For this assignment you will complete an illustration(s) (by hand) of how the lac operon works. You should be sure to include de

Fantom [35]

<h2>Lac operon </h2>

Explanation:

Lac operon present in prokaryotic chromosomes whose product involves in transportation and catabolism of lactose

Lac operon consists of three structural genes called Lac Z,Lac Y and Lac A and a regulatory element(promoter and operator)
Lac I gene is present outside the Lac operon,act as regulatory gene and control the expression of Lac operon genes
Lac Z codes for β galactosidase which converts lactose into allolactose
Lac Y codes for Lac permease which act as a membrane transporter and transport lactose into the cells
Lac A codes for transacetylase which neutralize the toxic effects of lactose

Lac operon in absence of lactose

In absence of lactose Lac operon exists in switch off state
Lac I gene produces Lac repressor which binds to operator region and prevent binding of RNA Polymerase thus blocks transcription

Lac operon in presence of lactose

In presence of lactose Lac operon exists in switch on state
In presence of lactose few molecules of Lac operon enzyme catalyse conversion of lactose to allolactose
Allolactose act as an inducer,binds to the Lac repressor and induce conformational changes causing dissociation of Lac repressor from operator
In absence of Lac repressor RNA Polymerase binds to the promoter and starts transcription of genes which catabolize lactose

Lac promoter is a weak promoter and direct transcription of Lac operon genes in very low level in presence of lactose

For higher level expression of Lac operon genes,operon system require conversion of weak promoter to strong promoter which is always mediated by catabolite protein-cAMP complex(CAP-cAMP complex)
CAP cAMP complex binds to the upstream of promoter called CAP binding site and stimulate expression of Lac operon genes by facilitating binding of RNA Polymerase
Catabolite activator protein(CAP) or cAMP receptor protein(CRP) activate when cAMP binds
cAMP is a secondary messenger synthesized from ATP and act as co-activator of CRP
With respect to CAP cAMP complex Lac operon system is positively controlled
In prokaryotic cell cAMP is very low when glucose concentration is relatively high and vice versa
At high concentration of glucose the growth rate is maximum and lactose catabolism is repressed called catabolite repression

6 0

3 years ago

A number of antibiotics attack prokaryotic protein synthesis, but not eukaryotic protein synthesis. Name two common antibiotics

Rus_ich [418]

Answer:

Streptomycin and Erythromycine.

<u>Streptomycin:</u> inhibit protein synthesis by combining irreversibly with 30s subunit mRNA.Thus the normal synthetic sequences is disrupted.

Streptomycin does not stop protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells because it does not bind to eukaryotic ribosomes.

<u>Erythromycine:T</u>he Erythromycine inhibits protein synthesis through interference with the binding 50s subunit ribosome.

Erythromycin does not estop protien synthesis in eukaryotic cells because it does not binds to eukaryotic ribosome.Specificity towards prokaryotes relies upon the absence of 50S ribosomes in eukaryotes.

Antibiotics block processes that occur in prokaryotic cells but not in eukaryotic cells that's why they not affect ekaryotes.

Explanation:

Antibiotics are simply chemicals that kill prokaryotic cells but do not harm eukaryotic cells. They are natural chemicals produced by fungi and bacteria that act to control their bacterial competitors.

Antibiotics block processes that occur in prokaryotic cells but not in eukaryotic cells that's why they not affect eukaryotes.

There are different classes of antibiotics inhibit different steps of prokaryotic life cycle.

<u>Streptomycin and Erythromycin </u>are group of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis of bacteria.They are specifically effective against prokaryotes does not inhibit protien synthesis of eukaryotes.

3 0

4 years ago

What is the main advantage for animals that are at the end of a very short food chain?

melisa1 [442]

Answer:

There are many of them so that means more are spared.

Explanation:

6 0

3 years ago

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What happens in each of the three main stages or processes of memory

Vinvika [58]