There are microorganisms that are able to live in extreme environments under adverse conditions of pH, temperature and salinity. These microorganisms are classified as extremophiles. Within the group of extremophiles there are halophilic bacteria, which are those capable of living in extremely saline environments.
One biological factor that all living things are subject to suffer from is osmotic pressure. Halophilic microorganisms have developed mechanisms to adapt to saline environments where osmotic pressure acts with great intensity on individuals. These bacteria change the chemical composition of their membranes and also accumulate osmoprotective compounds in their cytoplasm to compensate for osmotic stress.
RAMIREZ, N; SANDOVAL, AH y SERRANO, JA. Las bacterias halófilas y sus aplicaciones biotecnológicas. Rev. Soc. Ven. Microbiol. [online]. 2004, vol.24, n.1-2 [citado 2019-09-22], pp. 12-23 . Disponible en: <http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1315-25562004000100004&lng=es&nrm=iso>. ISSN 1315-2556.
Answer:
A. The heartbeat can be heard
Explanation:
After the first trimester, during the fourth month, the heartbeat of the fetus becomes loud enough to be heard with the help of a stethoscope placed on the abdomen of the mother.
From fifth to the seventh month of the development, kicks and jabs are felt by the mother as the fetal legs grow and develops. Languo, a wrinkled pink colored skin covers the fetus.
Languo is in turn covered with a white greasy substance called vernix caseosa.
From eighth to ninth months, rotation of the fetus places its head pointing towards the cervix to facilitate childbirth later.
The development of testes takes place in the seventh month while the body hairs become disappeared in the eighth month.
A group of Chinese women with PCOS who were receiving treatment saw several metabolic and hormonal imbalances improve after taking BBR. The primary consequences may be connected to the modifications in body composition in obesity and dyslipidemia. For the evaluation of the possible beneficial metabolic effects of BBR in women with PCOS, additional controlled trials are required.
PCOS:
- Objective: Insulin resistance is a common metabolic and reproductive condition called polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) (IR). A quinoline derivative alkaloid known as berberine (BBR) has been utilized as an insulin sensitizer and is isolated from Chinese medicinal herbs. There may be a therapeutic benefit for PCOS from BBR. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of BBR and metformin (MET) on the metabolic characteristics of PCOS-affected women.
- Design and methods: Ninety nine PCOS and IR patients were randomly assigned to one of three therapy groups: BBR+ compound cyproterone acetate (CPA;
), MET
CPA
, and placebo CPA 
for 
months. Before and after the treatment period, metabolic and hormonal measures as well as the clinical characteristics of the women were evaluated. - Results: Reduced waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR;P<
), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC; P<
), as well as increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG; P<) were all observed following treatment with BBR as compared to MET. Similarly, BBR treatment decreased WHR, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model evaluation for IR, area under the insulin curve, TC, LDLC, and TG (P<), while increasing HDLC and SHBG (P<) as compared to placebo.
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Answer:
B. The tropospheric gases move becuase of convection currents.
Explanation:
The uneven heating of the regions of the troposphere by the sun ( the sun warms the air at the equator more than the air at the poles )causes convection currents, large-scale patterns of winds that move heat and moisture around the globe. In the Northern and Southern hemispheres, air rises along the equator and subpolar ( latitude about 50 to about 70 north and south ) climatic regions and sinks in the polar and subtropical regions. Air is deflected by the Earth's rotation as it moves between the poles and equator, creating belts of surface winds moving from east to west ( easterly winds ) in tropical and polar regions, the winds moving from west to east ( westerly winds ) in the middle latitudes. This global circulation is disrupted by the circular wind patterns of migrating high and low air pressure areas, plus locally abrupt changes in wind speed and direction known as turbulence.
