The correct answer is: B. In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit half of their nuclear genes to each of their offspring.
The main difference between sexual and asexual reproduction is that in sexual reproduction genetic material from two parents is combined, while in asexual reproduction produced offspring is genetically identical to the one parent. So, advantage of sexual reproduction is that produced unique organisms contribute to genetic diversity (variation is formed). But, comparing to asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction requires more energy and lasts longer.
Asexual reproduction is found in lower organisms and can be in different forms: budding, vegetative reproduction, fragmentation, spore formation.
Counter current involves blood in the capillaries flowing in the opposite direction to the flow of water flowing over them. Gases diffuse faster from one area to another when the concentration difference between the two areas is at its greatest, as compared to when the concentration difference is low.
Explanation:
The lipstick from the crime would be crushed and dissolved in an appropriate liquid solvent. The lipstick would then be placed in one of the ink spots on the starting / base line of the paper. Another spot would be created for the lipstick with which it is being compared with.
The paper chromatogram would then be placed vertically on a solvent that acts as the mobile phase. After some time, when the solvent reaches the solvent front of the paper chromatography, by capillary action, the chromatogram can be removed and left to dry.
Bands will have appeared on the chromatography paper formed from the different components of the lipstick. The bands of the lipstick from the crime scene and that with which it is being compared to are observed. If the bands are all aligned, horizontally, then this means it is a complete match. The lipstick must have been the same used at the crime scene.
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