Answer:
True
Explanation:
Gram negative bacteria produce virulent factors at host pathogen interface via membrane vessicle trafficking as bacteria outer member vesicle for nutrition, invasion and other cell communication.
Ants and aphids live in a mutualistic relationship which is a sub-type of symbiosis. <span />
<span>You've gotten 2 different answers so far and both can be considered correct. It depends on the source. Some books/teachers give 5 steps: .....glycolysis -> transition reaction -> Krebs cycle -> electron transport system -> chemiosmosis Some books/teachers don't list the transition reaction as a separate step, considering it as a minor setup step for the "real" second step, the Krebs cycle. .....glycolysis -> Krebs cycle -> electron transport system -> chemiosmosis Some books/teachers (wrongly) list only 3 steps as follows. .....glycolysis -> Krebs cycle -> electron transport system That's wrong because the electron transport system doesn't make any ATP: it just sets up the proton gradient that chemiosmosis uses to create the ATP. If the steps are to be collapsed into just 3, then the correct formulation would be: .....glycolysis -> Krebs cycle -> oxidative phosphorylation</span>
Disease ecology today often integrates across several levels of biological organization, from molecular mechanisms of pathology and immunity; to individual organism changes in health , survival, and reproduction ; to population dynamics of hosts and pathogens; to community dynamics of hosts and pathogens...
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