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The purpose of mitosis is to create two new perfectly identical cells when either there is a need to replace old or damaged cells and to reproduce asexually by making new cells. Some organisms use mitosis to replace body parts. For example starfish replace lost arms by mitosis. Some organisms such as the hydra use mitosis to produce genetically identical offspring.
There are four stages of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
1) Prophase: chromatin into chromosomes, the nuclear envelope break down, chromosomes attach to spindle fibres by their centromeres
2) Metaphase: chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate (centre of the cell)
3) Anaphase: sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
4) Telophase: nuclear envelope reforms, chromosomes unfold into chromatin, cytokinesis can begin
● The order of the stages of mitosis can be remembered using the mnemonic PMAT.
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Cell-wall inhibiting antimicrobial drugs be less effective on gram-negative bacteria compared to gram-positive bacteria because the outer membrane of the gram-negative bacteria inhibits penetration of the drug and the peptidoglycan found in gram-positive bacteria is structurally different from that in gram-negative bacteria.
Answer: Option B & C
<u>Explanation:</u>
Antimicrobial drugs are induced into a body to act on that particular selective bacterium which causes disease. When antimicrobial drugs are injected they act efficiently on the gram positive bacteria inhibiting the proliferation of the cells by acting on the cell wall so that cell multiplication doesn’t happen.
On the other hand it is hard to act on the gram-negative bacteria as it has a cell membrane that inhibits drug penetration into it. Both cell walls contain peptidoglycan but in the gram-positive is more assembled and layered while in the gram-negative it is just a thin layer. As gram-positive is thick layered it provides place for another molecule to attach to it but the thin layer in gram-negative inhibits it.
Answer:
In 1609, using this early version of the telescope, Galileo became the first person to record observations of the sky made with the help of a telescope. He soon made his first astronomical discovery.
Answer:
Neurulation of organogenesis is the last stage of human development. The gastrula stage forms three germ layers called ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
