Evolution has occurred thanks to many random changes in the DNA base sequence that we call mutations. This is caused by errors in the genetic information contained in the cells - due to chemical or physical factors - and also its subsequent propagation by replication, being transcendent for evolution those that will later be transmitted to the offspring: somatic cells if reproduction it is asexual and the gametes if it is sexual. For this reason, we say that mutations are the primary source of gene variability, essential for evolution to exist. Thus, without mutations, the genetic variability that natural selection needs would not be present - in addition, such diversity is important for the population to more successfully mold (or adapt) to continuous environmental changes.
Explanation:
A mutation is a change in the information contained in the DNA of cells. The DNA of an organism influences all aspects of its life. Therefore, a change in the DNA of an organism can produce changes in all aspects of its life. The mutation increases the genetic variability of the species and contributes to the adaptation of the species to the environment and to their evolution. Viability and fertility are associated with adaptation, the total capacity of an organism to survive and reproduce. The effect of a mutation in any generation is minimal, but over time a considerable amount of variation from mutations can accumulate. Most mutations are harmful and their carriers die, but those that produce an improvement remain in the species and are essential in the evolutionary process. When mutations appear in a certain population, the genotype changes from generation to generation, appearing individuals with characteristics different from those of their predecessors. This is how the population evolves, being able to originate new species. Mutations that are detrimental to the carrier individual will be eliminated by natural selection.
