Answer: sodium + water → sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
Explanation:
1) The first part of the statment "sodium combines with water" means that these two pure substances are the reactants.
Sodium is an alkali metal (group 1: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr).
A typical chemical property of the alkali metal elments is that they react violently with water fo form the corresponding hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
2) The next two words, "to produce ". indicates, precisely, that what follow is the product of the reaction. In the chemical reaction it is indicated by the arrow →
3) Finally, you are told the products of the reaction: sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
4) The word equation then follows the order reactants → products, which in this case is the sodium + water → sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
5) Using chemical symbols and conventions, that is:
Na(s) + H₂O (l) → NaOH(aq) + H₂(g).
The best answer between the two choices would be the first option TRUE because the scientific method is used to do more advance research and investigation on things.
I think the best one is B
Try looking through this, don't actually read it if you don't want to
but if you skim through it you might find answers. Good Luck! :) ..Reactions of Aldehydes, Ketones And Phenols
Objective:
1. To carry out some simple chemicals test in order to distinguish
between aldehydes, ketones and phenols
2. To study the properties of aldehydes, ketones and phenols.
3. To identify the unknowns A, B, C, D and E.
Introduction:
Part I : Reaction of Aldehydes and Ketones
The carbonyl group is C=O and any compound containing this group that
can be described as a carbonyl compound. Carbonyl compounds fall into
two main classes: aldehydes and ketones on the one hand and carboxylic
acids and their derivatives on the other hand. The characteristic
reactions of the aldehydes and ketones are addition and oxidation
reactions occurring at the unsaturated carbonyl group. With the same
reagent, aldehydes usually react faster than ketones, mainly because
there is lees crowding at the carbonyl carbon and the steric effect.
Aldehydes are also more easily oxidized than ketones. The carbonyl and
other compounds investigated in this experiment are tested in each of
the following ways:
A) Chromic Acid (H2CrO4)
Chromic acid is a strong oxidant. Aldehydes are oxidized to carboxylic
acids by chromic acid. The Cr6+ in the chromic acid which is orange,
then is reduced to Cr3+ which is green/blue. Ketones are not oxidized by
chromic acid.image B) Tollen’s Test (Ag(NH3)2+ / OH-
Tollen’s reagent (Ag(NH3)2+ / OH- is a weak oxidant. Aldehydes are
readily oxidized to carboxylic acids by Tollen’s reagent to produce a
silver mirror on the inside of a clean test tube. Ketones are not
oxidized by Tollen’s reagent.image
C) Fehling’s solution
Fehling’s solution is an oxidizing agent. It is prepared by mixing equal
part of Fehling’s solution I (copper(II) sulfate) and Fehling’s
solution II (sodium potassium tartate and sodium hydroxide). Aldehydes
are easily oxidized to carboxylic acid by Fehling’s solution and will
reduce the cupric ion which complexed with tartate ion to cuprous oxide.
A positive result is indicated by the formation of a brick red
precipitate. Ketones are not oxidized by Fehling’s solution.image
D) 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNP Test or Brady’s Reagent)
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (Brady’s reagent) is an important reagent
related to hydrazine. Most aldehydes and ketones very readily with this
reagent to give the yellow orange and red precipitates of
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones. Unconjugated aldehydes and ketones give
precipitates toward the yellow while conjugated compound tend to be
deeper colour of red. The conversion of aldehydes and ketones into
hydrazone is an example of the addition-elimination reaction occurring
at the unsaturated carbonyl group.image
E) Iodoform Test
Iodoform test can be used for the detection of acetalaldehyde and all
methyl ketone which have the formula:image
Iodoform, CHI3 is a yellow solid with a strong medicinal smell. Iodoform
will precipitate out of a mixture of methyl ketone, iodine and
base.image For acetaldehyde, the following reaction shows the formation
of iodoform:image
Compounds that are easily oxidized to acetaldehyde and methyl ketones
also give a positive iodoform test. Only ethanol can be oxidized to
acetaldehyde and secondary alcohol that have the general formula
CH3CH(OH)R can be oxidized to methyl ketones.
Part II: Reactions
Because iron is a metallic solid and it takes longer to heat up because it is compounded more then other solids which takes longer because the atoms in the heat take longer to heat it up.
