Answer:
a. Decrease water reabsorption
: decrease blood pressure.
b. Decrease peripheral resistance
: decrease blood pressure
c. Vasodilation
: decrease blood pressure
d. Decrease salt intake
: decrease blood pressure
e. Decrease blood volume
: decrease blood pressure
f. Vasoconstriction
: increase blood pressure
g. Increase peripheral resistance: increase blood pressure
h. Increase salt intake: increase blood pressure
i. Increase blood volume
: increase blood pressure
j. Increase water reabsorption: increase blood pressure
Explanation:
- Total peripheral resistance: This term refers to the resistance offered by the vascular system to the blood flow. This resistance is a result of the friction between the blood and the vessel's walls. In other words, it is the opposition of the vessels to blood flow. The total peripheral resistance is the summary of all the bloody circuit resistances in the body. Those mechanisms that induce vasoconstriction conduce to an increase in total peripheral resistance, while mechanisms that induce vasodilation provoke a decrease in total peripheral resistance.
- Blood pressure: This term refers to the strength applied by the blood against the vessel walls as it flows. This pressure is determined by the bombed blood strength and the volume as well as by the vessel size and flexibility. Blood pressure changes continuously according to the activity, temperature, diet, emotional state, among others.
- Salt ingestion causes an increase in plasmatic osmolarity, stimulates thirst, and hence, water ingestion. Sodium retains water, expanding the blood volume and causing an increase in vessel pressure.
- The antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin hormone, is released by changes in serum osmolarity or blood volume. Its function is to keep homeostasis and make kidneys conserve or keep water by concentrating urine and by reducing its volume. By these actions, the antidiuretic hormone stimulates water reabsorption, according to the organism´s needs.
- Kidneys control blood pressure in many ways. If the pressure is elevated, kidneys produce the loss of salt and water, normalizing arterial pressure. But if pressure is low, kidneys conserve water.
(A nebula)
is a cloud of gas (hydrogen) and dust in space. Nebulae are the birthplace biths. There are different types of nebula. An Emission Nebubla such as Orion nebula, glows brightly because the gas in it is energised by the stars that have already formed within it.
(A star)
is a luminous globe of gas producing its own heat and light by nuclear reactions (nuclear fusion). They are born from nebulae and consist mostly of hydrogen and helium gas.
(red giant)
This is a large bright star with a cool surface. It is formed during the later stages of the evolution of a star like the Sun, as it runs
out of hydrogen fuel at its centre.
(red dwarf)
These are very cool, faint and small stars, approximately one tenth the mass and diameter of the Sun. They burn very slowly and have estimated lifetimes of 100 billion years.
(white dwarf)
This is very small, hot star, the last stage in the life cycle of a star like the Sun. White dwarfs have a mass similar to that of the Sun, but only 1% of the Sun's diameter; approximately the diameter of the Earth.
(Black holes)
are believed to form from massive stars at the end of their life times. The gravitational pull in a black hole is so great that nothing can escape from it, not even light. The density of matter in a black hole cannot be measured.
Ernst Haeckel.
Hope this helps! :)
