B
Keep in mind that total energy in the beginning and after work remains the same according o thermodynamics theory that energy can't be created or destroyed.
Explanation:
Conversion of energy from one form to another is not 100% efficient. Even the transfer of energy from one object to another (work) is not 100% efficient. This also applies to cells. The inefficiencies are lost as heat energy. Examples of such work in the cells include active transport by cell membrane protein channels, metabolic pathways, and etcetera. Some energy in the hydrolysis of ATP to power these biochemical activities is lost as heat which is part of the reason we remain warm. This energy ends up being lost into the environment as heat (e.g even from sweating).
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The answer is; B
Mutation is one source of variation (in addition to sex and gene flow). Mutations are rare and occur in a small proportion of individuals. However, due to the advantage that the genetic mutation confers to these individuals, their chances of passing the genes to the next generation is higher than that of the general population.
This way, the allelic frequencies of these advantageous mutated genes increase with each generation and eventually become the majority population over time.
When lactose is not present, what happens to E. coli is that the genes that produce the enzymes needed to break down lactose are not expressed. The correct answer is B.
Congress wanted to raise money for the treasury because the needed to pay off war debts.
