Answer:
For calculating the surface to volume ratio for a spherical cell,
Surface area (S) = 4πr²
Volume (V) = 4πr³ / 3
Ratio = S / V = 4πr² / 4πr³ / 3 = 3 × 4πr² / 4πr³
= 3/r
1. 15 micrometer diameter = Ratio = 3/7.5 = 0.4
2. 2 micrometer diameter = Ratio = 3/1 = 3
The cells exhibiting high surface to volume ratio shows enhanced metabolic activity. Shows easy uptake of oxygen, nutrients, water, and also the excretion of waste as they possess large surface.
Linear fixed model is a statistical model that includes both fixed effects and random effects is known as a mixed model, mixed-effects model, or mixed error-component model. These models have applications in a wide range of fields in the physical, biological, and social sciences.
<h3>How do you perform a genome scan with a linear mixed model?</h3>
Mice genetic mapping provides a superb illustration of the value of population structure. The tiny number of founders (fancy mice) from whom laboratory mouse strains originated led to many population bottlenecks. The history of wild-derived strains differs from that of laboratory strains since they are not descended from fancy mice. In order to tackle relatedness between people and population structure issues brought on by varying ancestries, linear mixed models were devised. In order to account for population structure, known kinship, and unknowable relatedness, linear mixed models (LMMs) take genome-wide similarity between all pairings of individuals into consideration. By include kinship in the model, linear mixed models in mapping studies can successfully adjust for genetic relatedness between individuals in a population.
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D. The chromatin coils and condenses into visible chromosomes.
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The pituitary gland, I believe, but don't quote me on this.
Answer:
The continuity of life from one cell to another has its foundation in the reproduction of cells by way of the cell cycle. The cell cycle is an orderly sequence of events in the life of a cell from the division of a single parent cell to produce two new daughter cells, to the subsequent division of those daughter cells. The mechanisms involved in the cell cycle are highly conserved across eukaryotes. Organisms as diverse as protists, plants, and animals employ similar steps.
Genomic DNA
Before discussing the steps a cell undertakes to replicate, a deeper understanding of the structure and function of a cell’s genetic information is necessary. A cell’s complete complement of DNA is called its genome. In prokaryotes, the genome is composed of a single, double-stranded DNA molecule in the form of a loop or circle. The region in the cell containing this genetic material is called a nucleoid. Some prokaryotes also have smaller loops of DNA called plasmids that are not essential for normal growth.
In eukaryotes, the genome comprises several double-stranded, linear DNA molecules (Figure 6.2) bound with proteins to form complexes called chromosomes. Each species of eukaryote has a characteristic number of chromosomes in the nuclei of its cells. Human body cells (somatic cells) have 46 chromosomes. A somatic cell contains two matched sets of chromosomes, a configuration known as diploid. The letter n is used to represent a single set of chromosomes; therefore a diploid organism is designated 2n. Human cells that contain one set of 23 chromosomes are called gametes, or sex cells; these eggs and sperm are designated n, or haploid.
Explanation:
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