Answer:
Statistical evidence, testimonial evidence, anecdotal evidence, and analogical evidence.
Explanation:
Statistical evidence is the kind of data people tend to look for first when trying to prove a point. That’s not surprising when you consider how prevalent it is in today’s society. Remember those McDonald’s signs that said “Over 1 billion served”?
How about those Trident chewing gum commercials that say “4 out of 5 dentists recommend chewing sugarless gum”? Every time you use numbers to support a main point, you are relying on statistical evidence to carry your argument.
Examples of Statistical Evidence
A. In 2015 alone, an estimated 350,000 migrants have crossed the borders of the European Union. B. In America, more preschoolers are shot dead each year (82 in 2013) than police officers are in the line of duty (27 in 2013), according to figures from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the FBI (Kristof 4). C. More kids than ever are becoming educated, especially girls. In the 1980s, only half of girls in developing countries completed elementary school; now, 80% do.
Testimonial evidence: Testimonial evidence is another type of evidence that is commonly turned to by people trying to prove a point. Commercials that use spokespersons to testify about the quality of a company’s product, lawyers who rely on eye-witness accounts to win a case, and students who quote an authority in their essays are all using testimonial evidence.
Testimonial evidence is another type of evidence that is commonly turned to by people trying to prove a point. Commercials that use spokespersons to testify about the quality of a company’s product, lawyers who rely on eye-witness accounts to win a case, and students who quote an authority in their essays are all using testimonial evidence. \
There are two types of Testimonies: Experts/Authority & Witnesses.
A. An EU leader, Federica Mogherini, has gone as far as to say, “We are rich. We are in peace. We have the duty to save and protect people that are fleeing from war” (qtd. In Pearson 42).
B. President Obama’s frustration with the inaction of his critics on gun control measures shown through this week when he pointed out that, “There is a gun for roughly every man, woman, and child in America. So how can you, with a straight face, make the argument that more guns will make us safer?”
C. Famous and accomplished writer Stephen King advices young writers that, “If you want to be a writer, you must do two things above all others: read a lot and write a lot. There's no way around these two things that I'm aware of, no shortcut"
Anecdotal Evidence Often dismissed as untrustworthy and meaningless, anecdotal evidence is one of the more underutilized types of evidence. Anecdotal evidence is evidence that is based on a person’s observations of the world. It can actually be very useful for disproving generalizations because all you need is one example that contradicts a claim.
Be careful when using this type of evidence to try and support your claims. One example of a non-native English speaker who has perfect grammar does NOT prove that ALL non-native English speakers have perfect grammar. All the anecdote can do is disprove the claim that all immigrants who are non-native English speakers have terrible grammar. You CAN use this type of evidence to support claims, though, if you use it in conjunction with other types of evidence.
Personal observations can serve as wonderful examples to introduce a topic and build it up – just make sure you include statistical evidence so the reader of your paper doesn’t question whether your examples are just isolated incidents. Examples of Anecdotal Evidence
Good Examples: However, the critique that all the immigrants are drains on society simply does not hold weight. Look for example at 24 year old Syrian Hesham Modamani who is a student searching for the opportunity to continue his education in Germany. If fact, UN studies have shown that over half of all refugees enter Europe come from middle-class and educational backgrounds. Mr. Bonica’s class is an example of how the 8:05am start time has impacted late arriving students to Tualatin High School, as he has seen a sharp decline in tardy students. This year alone, his rate of tardy students has dropped from 12% to 8%.
Bad Example: It is clear that strict gun regulation in Australia has failed to protect the Australian people as evidenced by the 2014 Sydney hostage. The gunman chose Australia because he knew that he would not encounter armed citizens in the café.
