The main effect of the systems of sharecropping and debt peonage put in place in the South after the Civil War was that the African American people were prevented from leaving the very plantations where they had worked as slaves. The African Americans were bound to the land since they were buying the land through sharecropping.
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The map illustrates the Colombian exchange which contributed to American agricultural was introduced from Europe was Cattle
The Fertile Crescent includes Mesopotamia, the land in and around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; and the Levant, the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The modern-day countries with significant territory within the Fertile Crescent are Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Cyprus, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, Egypt, as well as the southeastern fringe of Turkey and the western fringes of Iran
