They are known to mark the end of islamic golden age. Therefor you answer is they brought the islamic empire down.
The immediate causes of the Hundred Years War were the dissatisfaction of Edward III of England with the nonfulfillment by Philip VI of France of his pledges to restore a part of Guienne taken by Charles IV; the English attempts to control Flanders, an important market for English wool and a source of cloth
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Originally, the Constitution said that senators were chosen by _(state)_ legislatures. The _(17)_ Amendment changed this. Now, Senators are chosen by_(a direct vote)_.