Asthma- A condition in which a person's airways become inflamed, narrow and swell, and produce extra mucus, which makes it difficult to breathe.
Asthma attack- Called an asthma exacerbation, the airways become swollen and inflamed. The muscles around the airways contract and the airways produce extra mucus, causing the breathing (bronchial) tubes to narrow.
During an attack, you may cough, wheeze and have trouble breathing. Symptoms of a minor asthma attack get better with prompt home treatment. A severe asthma attack that doesn't improve with home treatment can become a life-threatening emergency.
Answer: 1,540 kilo calories
Explanation:
The energy that is supplied by the carbohydrates is 4 calories in one gram of carbohydrates.
The energy that is obtained by the protein is 4 calories per gram of protein. The fat provides 9 calories per gram of fat.
Alcohol provides 7 calories per gram of alcohol.
Hence, 250* 4= 1000 calories by carbohydrates, 50*4= 200 calories by protein and 30* 9= 270 calories by fat.
Alcohol = 10* 7= 70 calories by alcohol.
Total calories is 1540 kilo calories which is consumed by Carol for dinner.
Answer:
Three different ways in which antiretroviral drugs can prevent the formation of new viruses are:
- Inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme in both nucleoside analogues and non-nucleoside analogues.
- Enzymatic inhibition of integrase enzymes.
- Inhibiting entry by antagonizing CCR5 co-receptors.
Explanation:
Antiretroviral drugs are those used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, making the effect of the virus on the host cell is less and preventing the development of AIDS.
This type of drug has been classified, according to their mechanism of action, being grouped into several families of drugs. Three different ways by which antiretroviral drugs can prevent the formation of virus are:
- <em><u>Inhibition of reverse transcriptase enzyme</u></em><em>: this enzyme is a DNA polymerase capable of forming single strand viral RNA by a process that is reverse to normal DNA to RNA transcription. Its inhibition prevents the formation of viral particles in the host cell. They are divided into nucleoside analogs and non-nucleoside analogs.</em>
- <em><u>Enzymatic Inhibition of Integrase enzymes</u></em><em>: this type of enzyme is contained in the virus, and is capable of causing a retrotranscribed DNA to integrate into the host cell's DNA so that viral replication occurs. Its inhibition prevents the replication process.</em>
- <em><u>Entry inhibitors or antagonists CCR5 co-receptors</u></em><em>: CCr5 is a membrane protein, found on the surface of CD4 T lymphocytes, which facilitates the entry of the virus into the cell. The drug acts as a competitive inhibitor of the viral particle, preventing the entry and infection of the host cell.</em>
The most effective treatments against HIV infection involve the use of two or more types of antiretroviral drugs.
Before pressing and rotating the swab repeatedly over the wound surfaces, the nurse should delicately introduce the swab into the wound. The nurse should put the swab back in the culture tube after collecting the material. The nurse must take care to keep the culture tube's interior and the swab sanitary at all times.
To prevent contaminating both the swab with organisms not in the wound and the places the swab touches with organisms discovered in the wound, the nurse should avoid touching the swab to intact skin at the borders of the wound or to the outside of the tube. To avoid contaminating the culture, the nurse needs to clean the wound using a nonantimicrobial cleanser.
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