<span>Any of the chemical reactions that take place during the second stage ofphotosynthesis and do not require light. During the dark reactions, energyreleased from ATP (created by the light reactions) drives the fixation ofcarbon from carbon dioxide in organic molecules. The </span><span>Calvin cycle </span><span>formspart of the dark reactions. As long as ATP is available, the dark reactionscan occur in darkness or in <span>light. </span></span>
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Natural Selection.
An easy and important way to remember this is by thinking of a species - let’s say a bright white moth. For ages, these moths have survived beautifully, matching perfectly with the white tree bark they live on, until one day, a smoky building begins pumping its soot into the air. This air begins to change the color of the tree bark to black and the once hidden white moths are now plainly visible to birds who eat them easily. Fortunately, every now and then a moth is born who is darker than the rest - black as soot even. And so, the birds keep eating the white moths but missing the soot-colored ones. As time goes by, the soot-colored moths produce more and more similarly colored moths, who are well hidden from the birds AND after enough time, the only moths that remain are soot-colored. This is why so many species “fit” exquisitely into their environment. They have ALL adapted in some way similar to the soot-colored moth.
In ancient times, people classified plants and animals by use. Like for plants they are being classified as beneficial or harmful. While for animals, they are classified as domestic animals, wild animals, creeping animals, flying animals, and sea animals.
