Are the most abundant in nature and, unlike the metals, not are good conductors of heat and electricity, are not malleable and ductile and have no brightness as metals.
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The correct option is C.
For an element to be unreactive and stable, it must have eight electrons in its outermost shell. Sodium has an atomic number of 11 and thus have only one electron in its outermost shell. This makes sodium very reactive and it is always very willing to react with suitable elements in order to become stable.
You don't have to worry about converting to moles and back to liters. You need to know about Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes. Coupled with Avogadro's law which says that the moles of gas are proportional to the volume, all we have to do is:
2H2(g) + O2(g) -> 2H2O(g)
2L ..........1L ..........2L
7.25L .....3.63L .....7.25L
The only work is dividing 7.25 by 2.
- NH₃: Hydrogen bonds;
- CCl₄: London Dispersion Forces; (a.k.a. Induced dipole)
- HCl: Dipole-dipole Interactions.
<h3>Explanation</h3>
Relative strength of intermolecular forces in small molecules:
Hydrogen bonds > Dipole-dipole interactions > London DIspersion Forces.
It takes two conditions for molecules in a substance to form <em>hydrogen bonds</em>.
- They shall contain at least one of the three bonds: H-F, O-H, or N-H.
- They shall contain at least one lone pair of electrons.
NH₃ contains N-H bonds. The central nitrogen atom in an NH₃ molecule has one lone pair of electrons. NH₃ meets both conditions; it is capable of forming hydrogen bonds.
CCl₄ molecules are nonpolar. The molecule has a tetrahedral geometry. Dipole from the polar C-Cl bonds cancel out due to symmetry. The molecule is nonpolar overall. As a result, only London Dispersion Force is possible between CCl₄ molecules.
HCl molecules are polar. The H-Cl bond is fairly polar. The HCl molecule is asymmetric, such that the dipole won't cancel out. The molecule is overall polar. Both dipole-dipole interactions and London Dispersion Force are possible between HCl molecules. However, dipole-dipole interactions are most predominant among the two.
Because you are never 100% precise during the work, so it's best and most accurate answer is always the average of more trials. basically the more you do, the more accurate the answer shall be
