Answer:
Chemically altered nucleosides derived from canonical ribo-or deoxyribonucleoside-derivatives of adenosine, cytosine, guanosine, and uridine or thymidine are found in all types of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA. They are particularly abundant in noncoding RNAs, such as transfer RNAs and ribosomal RNA of higher organisms. By increasing the structural diversity of nucleic acids, modified nucleosides play important roles in gene expression and in regulating many aspects of RNA functions. They also contribute to nucleic acid stability and to protection of genetic materials against virus aggression. In this chapter we present a historical overview of the discovery, occurrence, and diversity of the many naturally occurring modified nucleosides that are present in both DNA and RNA of diverse organisms. We also briefly describe the different enzymes that accomplish these nucleic acid ‘decorations’. More information about the structure, function, biosynthesis and evolutionary aspects of selected modified nucleosides in DNA and RNA and their corresponding modification enzymes can be found elsewhere in this volume.
Explanation:
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Answer: perform standard CPR
Explanation:
The Heimlich maneuver is a type of abdominal thrusting typically applied when a victim is showing signs of choking. However, during the rescue attempt the victim may become unconscious; in this case, standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is performed accompanied by chest compressions and rescue breaths.
Before beginning CPR, the rescuer should call their official emergency hotline and attempt to find the foreign object causing the obstruction. If located the rescuer should try to reach for and dislodge it if possible- if it can't be removed, then CPR may be initiated.
The rescuer should perform 30 chest compressions to restore circulation, open the victims airway via the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and provide 2 rescue breaths through performing mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose breathing per cycle; this should be continued until the victim rouses or emergency personnel is able to take over.
