A sugar-phosphate backbone (alternating grey-dark grey) joins together nucleotides in a DNA sequence. The sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. This backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality of the molecule.The two strands run in opposite directions, one going in a 3' to 5' direction and the other going in a 5' to 3' direction. The nitrogenous bases are positioned inside the helix structure like "rungs on a ladder," due to the hydrophobic effect, and stabilized by hydrogen bonding.
Uracil is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of RNA that are represented by the letters A, G, C and U. The others are adenine, cytosine, and guanine. In RNA, uracil binds to adenine via two hydrogen bonds. In DNA, the uracil nucleobase is replaced by thymine. Uracil is a demethylated form of thymine.
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Lysosomes
Golgi apparatus
Cell membrane
Rough ER
Smooth ER
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Answer:
The process of the formation of Urine starts when the blood enters the kidney and is filtered by the nephrons to separate the water from the larger elements that compound it like blood cells and proteins. Then, they go to the blood, and the elements that passed the filtration membrane go to the renal tubule to be moved to the bladder or be reabsorbed in case they are necessary for the body.
Explanation:
The Urine creation process starts with the blood entering the nephron in the kidneys. Then it is filtrated blocking blood cells and large proteins, making only water and smaller elements pass the filtration membrane. Then, cells and proteins, as well as the elements that couldn't pass the filtration membrane, go back to the bloodstream. While the elements that passed the filtration membrane go to the nephron to enter the renal tubule. In this tube some of the components that can still be used by the body are reabsorbed, the rest continues its journey to the bladder.
heart bloodvesselsand blood
If a volcanic reaction takes place and the lava hardens, it creates rock. If it flows into the ocean, it can even create new land.