Answer:
'Cross experiments done by Morgan, illustrating the X-inheritance link of a mutation Thomas Hunt Morgan moved intensely in a program of breeding and crossing miles of fruit flies at New York University in a room that was renamed the Fourth of the Flies. He tried to mutate the flies with various means (X-rays, centrifuges, etc.) .The fruit fly which has 4 pairs of chromosomes. One of those pairs was identified as containing X and Y sex chromosomes. He applied Mendelian principles in flies. Morgan's inheritance study demonstrated inheritance linked to sex, and is one of the first evidences that confirm the chromosomal theory of cross-based inheritance. In 1909, Morgan detected a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) with a strange mutation which he called "white eyes", due to the coloration of his eyes (contrary to normal, which is red). Analyzing this fly under the microscope Morgan discovered that it was a male, and could use it as a stallion so that he could observe how the new characteristic of white eyes would pass from generation to generation.All the offspring of this cross will have red eyes, which He made Morgan suspect that something strange had happened, since the color of the father's eyes could not have disappeared. He decided to take a couple of "daughters flies" and cross them together, just to see what happened. Morgan's surprise was very great, observing that among the "granddaughters" flies only males had white eyes. The problem then was to explain what had happened during the hereditary transmission for the color of the white eyes only the males possessed. .
Answer:
Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of hemophilia vary, depending on your level of clotting factors. If your clotting-factor level is mildly reduced, you may bleed only after surgery or trauma. If your deficiency is severe, you may experience spontaneous bleeding.
Signs and symptoms of spontaneous bleeding include:
- Unexplained and excessive bleeding from cuts or injuries, or after surgery or dental work
- Many large or deep bruises
- Unusual bleeding after vaccinations
- Pain, swelling or tightness in your joints
- Blood in your urine or stool
- Nosebleeds without a known cause
- In infants, unexplained irritability
Bleeding into the brain
A simple bump on the head can cause bleeding into the brain for some people who have severe hemophilia. This rarely happens, but it's one of the most serious complications that can occur. Signs and symptoms include:
- Painful, prolonged headache
- Repeated vomiting
- Sleepiness or lethargy
- Double vision
- Sudden weakness or clumsiness
- Convulsions or seizures
Causes
When you bleed, your body normally pools blood cells together to form a clot to stop the bleeding. The clotting process is encouraged by certain blood particles. Hemophilia occurs when you have a deficiency in one of these clotting factors.
There are several types of hemophilia, and most forms are inherited. However, about 30% of people with hemophilia have no family history of the disorder. In these people, an unexpected change occurs in one of the genes associated with hemophilia.
Acquired hemophilia is a rare variety of the condition that occurs when a person's immune system attacks clotting factors in the blood. It can be associated with:
- Pregnancy
- Autoimmune conditions
- Cancer
- Multiple sclerosis
Treatment
Several different types of clotting factors are associated with different varieties of hemophilia. The main treatment for severe hemophilia involves receiving replacement of the specific clotting factor that you need through a tube placed in a vein.
This replacement therapy can be given to combat a bleeding episode that's in progress. It can also be administered on a regular schedule at home to help prevent bleeding episodes. Some people receive continuous replacement therapy.
Replacement clotting factor can be made from donated blood. Similar products, called recombinant clotting factors, are manufactured in a laboratory and aren't made from human blood.
Other therapies may include:
- Desmopressin. In some forms of mild hemophilia, this hormone can stimulate your body to release more clotting factor. It can be injected slowly into a vein or provided as a nasal spray.
- Clot-preserving medications. These medications help prevent clots from breaking down.
- Fibrin sealants. These medications can be applied directly to wound sites to promote clotting and healing. Fibrin sealants are especially useful in dental therapy.
- Physical therapy. It can ease signs and symptoms if internal bleeding has damaged your joints. If internal bleeding has caused severe damage, you may need surgery.
- First aid for minor cuts. Using pressure and a bandage will generally take care of the bleeding. For small areas of bleeding beneath the skin, use an ice pack. Ice pops can be used to slow down minor bleeding in the mouth.
- Vaccinations. Although blood products are screened, it's still possible for people who rely on them to contract diseases. If you have hemophilia, consider receiving immunization against hepatitis A and B
Answer:
introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA
Explanation:
A nonsense mutation is a mutation in which an amino acid–specifying codon is changed into a termination codon or stop codon. A stop codon is a codon that does not code for any amino acid and serves to terminate the process of protein synthesis as ribosomes encounter it on the mRNA.
There are three stop codons: UAA, UAG, UGA. A nonsense mutation introduces a stop codon in place of an amino acid encoding codon. It results in the formation of truncated protein which is shorter than the normal protein. Truncated proteins are mostly nonfunctional.
For the answer to the question above,
<span>an endurance athlete who weighs 75 kg should consume at least <u>"96g"</u> of protein daily.</span>
The answer is 96g.
I hope my answer helped you in some ways. Have a nice day ahead of you!
<span>This question is with regards to developmental tasks that a 21 year old male would have difficulty with. All of this given that the 21 year old male has had a level t5 spinal injury. The question does not elaborate on what the significance of a t5 spinal injury is.</span>
