A mistake in DNA replication before meiosis produces an organism that is better able to outrun predators.
Explanation:
The genetic variation results from the different alleles of a population. The mutation or mistake in DNA replication would cause gene variants which may be beneficial. The variation in the DNA sequence of genome results in variants in small population.
Genetic variation is the cause of natural selection and eventually, evolution takes place with beneficial traits.
It is mentioned in the question that resulting offspring having received the mutant allele could result in better surviving capabilities or phenotypic traits as they are able to outrun predators.
The answer is B
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The three most common elements are oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen
Answer:
A) Times of major climate change
Explanation:
The geological time scale is based on major changes in Earth's climate history. This is because of the reason that climate governs the geological processes on Earth. In geology, we study the ages with the help of stratigraphical data where sediment deposition and the fossils it is hosting are the keys to understand the environmental conditions at that particular time. These conditions didn't change significantly unless the climate was changed. An example is the extinction of dinosaurs during K/T boundary event (mass extinction). The most likely reason is the hitting of a meteorite on Earth that changed the climate of Earth in a short period making it least favorable for many organisms to survive.
On the other hand, the occurrence of huge events cannot be used to establish a geological time scale because sometimes, the changes happen more slowly.
Similarly, shifts in the Earth orbits are cyclic however geological time scale doesn't reflect cyclic changes. The same climate can establish in different ages but these events are not used not as a criterion to establish a geological time scale.
In the end, the time span of humans on Earth is very small when compared with the overall geological time scale. Humans record exists from Pleistocene (2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago) to today whereas geological time scale starts in the Archean Eon (4.0 billion to 2.5 billion years ago).