It was under Graham v Connor case. Someone explained that the defense attorney made the jury think the officer tried to hide his use of force behind a smoke screen of clinical language and that he did so to minimize brutality. Also, law enforcement trainers use such jargon to make communication within the profession more concise and efficient. To make use of clinical-sounding terms, there are two reasons behind it 1. Is to make a precise description and 2. Different between trained and street fighting techniques.
Answer: A- few product lines with many items in each
Explanation: A company with shallow product line depth and broad product line breadth would have few product lines with many items in each.
This means that a shallow product line depth is a few product lines. The company has limited variety of product.
While the broad product line breadth means that the company has many items available.
Answer:
A. Deadweight loss = 125 units.
B. Deadweight loss = 25 units.
Explanation:
In a free market and completely efficient economy, the consumer surplus equals the producer surplus. Both benefits of free trade. When consumers o producers have a minor surplus, necessarily implies a loss on eficiency, usually caused by government regulations like taxes or price ceilings.
The amount of welfare lost is measure by the difference between consumer and producer surplus.
In the first case:
|Consumer surplus - producer surplus| = 25 units
|250- 125| = 125 units
And in the second case:
|180- 155| = 25 units
Answer
$31,000
Explanation:
(c) $31,000
Explanation:
As per IRS for Earnings of Clergy, A licensed, commissioned, or ordained minister who performs ministerial services as an employee may be able to exclude from gross income the fair rental value of a home provided as part of compensation (a parsonage) or a housing allowance provided as compensation if it is used to rent or otherwise provide a home. In order to be able to exclude the housing allowance from income, the minister's employing organization must officially designate the housing allowance as such before paying it to the minister.The fair rental value of a parsonage or the housing allowance is excludable only for income tax purposes, and not for Self-employment tax purpose.
In the given case, the church did not designate any of Luke's salaries as a housing allowance. Hence it is not deductible from Gross Income for Income Tax Purposes and irrespective of designation or not, it is not deductible for self-employment tax.
Thus, Full salary of Luke i.e $31,000 must be included when figuring net income for self-employment tax.
