The coral reef structure buffers shorelines against waves, storms, and floods, helping to prevent loss of life, property damage, and erosion. When reefs are damaged or destroyed, the absence of this natural barrier can increase the damage to coastal communities from normal wave action and violent storms.
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Well, DNA contains the hereditary information in the form of sequences of nucleotides which categorize as genes, that provide the information for synthesis of structural, functional and various other proteins that in combination and or in other ways determine an organism's complex traits. The phenotype of the said organism.
Answer:
The ‘greenhouse effect’ is how carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour and other molecules absorb the energy of specific wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation (i.e. light), and transfer parts of that energy to the atmosphere as heat. The effect stabilizes the earth’s temperature at levels that permit liquid water to exist. In other words, permit life forms as we know them.
The ‘enhanced greenhouse effect’ is the additions to the above effects caused by human activities that increase the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Explanation:
X-linked recessive disorders require two affected (recessive) alleles Xb to express in the female, but requires (the) only one in the male.
Therefore there are no male carriers. A normal male has the XB allele, and the affected male has the Xb allele.
A female either has 2 XB alleles, in which case she is normal and not a carrier.
If she has XBXb alleles, then she is a carrier, but phenotype is normal.
If she has XbXb alleles, she will exhibit colour-blindness.
Since woman's father has colour-blindness and she has normal vision, she is a carrier, because she has XBXb alleles.
Her husband has normal vision, so he has (one) XB allele.
Here's the Punnett square
Mother XB (father)
XB XBXB (normal vision)
Xb XBXb (carrier)
We see that the XbXb (colour-blindness) case is missing, so the phenotype colour-blind is not expected (unless other medical conditions are present)