A state can be defined as a 'political community' which gathers under one leader and abide by a specfic set of rules and laws.
The early states as those seen in the Sumer, where city-states. Small in size, ruled by a king with the support of the local people and land lords.
The ruler also had a small army to maintain local order and to protect against foriegn invasions.
The transcontinential railroad brought more money to the railroad companies because more people had access to the railroads, therefor using them more, and money was brought in. Not 100% sure, but that is my guess
Sorry if I'm to late but I thinks it's c. Many couldn't speak English and had no skills. Hope this helps ;)
Socialism is most likely related to communism.
According to a British army doctor, a cotton plantation should have one slave per two acres, coffee should have two slaves per three acres, and sugar plantations (the worst of the worst) should have one slave per acre
